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iDD'S  PENN- 
_  /LVANIA  AND 
NEW    JERSEY 


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PHILIP  S.  STEVENS, 


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DUKE 

UNIVERSITY 

LIBRARY 


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BUDD'S 

PENNSYLVANIA 
AND  NEW  JERSEY 


Of  this  edition,  two  hundred 
and  fifty  copies  have  been 
printed,  and  the  type  distrib- 
uted.     This  is 

No. i::!- 


GOOD  ORDER  ESTABLISHED  m      j»     ^ 

PENNSYLVANIA    AND 
-^     jsr     NEW  JERSEY 

^       BY  THOMAS  BUDD       ^ 

Reprinted  from  the  original  edition  of  1685 


With  Introduction  and  Notes  by 
FREDERICK  J.  SHEPARD 

of  the  Buffalo  Public  Library 


CLEVELAND 

The  Burrows  Brothers  Company 

1902 


Copyright,  1902 

BY 

The  Burrows  Brothers  Company 


(£be  S'tnperiai  ^xt99 
Cleveland 


Tf  ^ 


'  \  . 


INTRODUCTION 


?*  Moses  Coit  Tyler  says  in  his  "History  of  Ameri- 
can Literature  during  the  Colonial  Time :"  *  "  Pre- 
cisely fifteen  years  after  the  publication  of  Daniel 
Denton's  winsome  sketch  of  the  province  of  New 
York,  Thomas  Budd,  of  New  Jersey,  a  worthy 
Quaker,  and  a  man  of  much  importance  in  his 
own  neighborhood,  published,  likewise  at  London, 
a  little  book  entitled  '  Good  Order  established  in 
Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  in  America.'  The 
purpose  of  this  book,  like  that  of  Daniel  Denton, 
was  to  catch  the  eye  of  emigrants ;  and  for  that 
purpose  it  perhaps  did  not  need,  as  certainly  it 
did  not  have,  much  literary  merit."  On  the 
other  hand,  William  A.  Whitehead  says  in  his 
chapter  on  "The  English  in  East  and  West  Jer- 
sey" in  the  "Narrative  and  Critical  History  of 
America: "f  "Mr.  Budd's  work  exhibits  the  pos- 
session of  intelligence  and  public  spirit  to  a 
remarkable  degree.  Some  of  his  suggestions  as 
to  the  education  which  should  be  given  to  the 

*  Vol.  2,  p.  209.  f  Vol.  3,  p.  452. 

—  5  — 


^Z7Gr 


INTRODUCTION 

young  in  various  pursuits  show  him  to  have  been 
an  early  advocate  of  what  are  now  termed  tech- 
nical schools,  and  are  deserving  of  consideration 
even  at  this  late  day,"  He  adds  in  a  footnote : 
"The  title,  in  full,  is  quite  a  correct  table  of  con- 
tents, and  under  the  several  headings  is  given 
very  excellent  advice  as  to  the  course  to  be  fol- 
lowed to  insure  success  in  the  new  settlements." 
The  book  was  reprinted  in  1865  by  William 
Gowans,*  an  eccentric  New  York  bookseller  of 
Scottish  birth,  with  an  elaborate  introduction 
and  notes  by  Edward  Armstrong  of  Philadelphia, 
to  whom  the  present  writer  is  indebted  for  most 
of  the  personal  facts  about  the  author.  It  formed 
No.  4  of  his  Bihliotheca  Americana,  a  series  of 
reprints  of  early  descriptions  of  this  country  which 
came  to  an  end  from  lack  of  public  support. 
Budd's  "  Good  Order"  had  already  been  reprinted 
without  notes  in  the  numbers  of  the  Historical 
Magazine  for  September  and  October,  1862,  vol.  6, 
pp.  265-273  and  304-312.  In  his  introduction  to 
the  Gowans  edition  Mr.  Armstrong  conveys  the 
impression  that  the  book  was  printed  in  England, 
and  Mr.  Whitehead  repeats  his  language,  while 
Mr.  Tyler  makes  a  direct  statement  to  this  effect ; 
but  it  seems  in  reality  to  have  been  the  second 

*  Sketches  of  Gowans  appear  in  the  American  Bibh'opoltst,  vol. 
3,  p.  5,  by  Dr.  Samuel  S.  Purple,  and  vol.  4,  p.  127,  by  William  C. 
Prime.  Mr.  Prime's  article  is  part  of  a  longer  one  in  Harper's 
Magazine,  vol.  44,  p.  385,  on  "  Old  Books  in  New  York." 

—  6  — 


INTRODUCTION 

earliest  production  of  the  first  Philadelphia 
printer,  the  famous  William  Bradford,  and  it 
occupies  a  corresponding  post  of  distinction  in 
Charles  R.  Hildeburn's  fine  work,  "Issues  of  the 
Press  in  Pennsylvania,"  *  with  the  following  note 
attached : 

"Mr.  F.  D.  Stone,  librarian  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania,  was  the  first  to  call  in 
question  the  heretofore  accepted  statement  that 
this  work  was  printed  in  London.  I  give  his  rea- 
sons in  his  own  words :  '  In  addition  to  the  simi- 
larity there  is  between  the  type  of  "Good  Order" 
and  that  of  publications  which  are  known  to  be 
from  Bradford's  press,  sheets  of  the  former,  used 
as  waste,  are  in  a  copy  of  Keith's  "Pretended 
Antidote  Proved  Poysen,"  printed  by  Bradford 
in  1690,  which  is  preserved  in  its  original  binding 
in  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  Other 
sheets  similarly  used  were  found  by  a  gentleman 
living  in  Albany,  in  the  original  binding  of  a 
Bradford  edition  of  the  "Presbyterian  and  Inde- 
pendent Visible  Churches."  If  the  late  Edward 
Armstrong's  statement  in  his  introduction  to 
Gowans's  reprint  of  the  work  is  correct,  that  it 
was  "given  to  the  printer  on  the  25th  of  October, 
1685,"  all  possible  doubt  about  the  matter  is 
settled,  as  Budd  is  known  to  have  been  in  Phila- 
delphia so  soon  afterwards  (November  17th,  1685) 

*  Vol.  I,  p.  4. 


INTRODUCTION 

as  to  preclude  the  idea  that  in  the  meanwhile  he 
had  crossed  the  Atlantic'  After  a  careful  com- 
parison of  its  typography  with  other  issues  of 
Bradford's  press,  the  late  John  Wm.  Wallace, 
Esq.,  and  the  author  both  concurred  in  Mr. 
Stone's  opinion.  A  copy  of  'Good  Order,'  with 
all  the  other  available  early  specimens  of  Brad- 
ford's printing,  was  then  submitted  to  Mr.  Thomas 
Mackellar,  the  eminent  type-founder,  whose  long 
practical  experience  with  every  variety  of  'letter,' 
makes  his  opinion  conclusive.  Mr.  Mackellar, 
after  a  prolonged  and  careful  examination,  de- 
clared himself  convinced  that  '  Good  Order '  came 
from  the  same  '  office '  as  several  of  the  books  bear- 
ing Bradford' s  imprint,  and  enforced  his  opinion 
by  pointing  out  peculiarly  broken,  defective  and 
irregularly  formed  type  in  Budd's  tract,  which  re- 
appeared in  one  or  more  of  the  publications  of 
our  j&rst  printer. 

' ' '  Good  Order '  was  going  through  the  press 
when  the  publication  of  the  Almanac*  called 
forth  the  order  '  not  to  print  anything  but  what 
shall  have  lycence  from  ye  Council,'  and  as  Budd 
had  recently  published  in  London  some  strictures 
on  Edward  Byllinge,  which  also  reflected  on  Penn 
and  other  Quakers,  an  application  for  a  license  in 
this  case  would  have  met  with  delay,  if  not  a 

*  Bradford's  first  publication,  the  Kalendarium  Pennsilvaniense , 
by  Samuel  Atkins. 

—  8  — 


INTRODUCTION 

refusal.     These  considerations  no  doubt  induced 
Bradford  to  omit  Ms  name  from  the  imprint." 

Thomas  Budd  was  the  son  of  a  parish  clergy- 
man of  Martock,  Somersetshire,  bearing  the  same 
name,  who,  having  become  a  Quaker,  gave  up  his 
benefice  and,  in  consequence  of  his  refusal  to  take 
an  oath  prescribed  by  statute,  was  confined  in 
Ilchester  jail,  where  he  died  June  22,  1670.  His 
son  also  joined  the  Friends  and  some  time  prior 
to  1678,  when  he  brought  his  family  to  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  he  came  to  America.  A  writer  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania Magazine  *  suggests  that  his  first  voyage 
was  made  in  company  with  the  settlers  of  Burling- 
ton in  1677.  He  speedily  became  a  man  of  impor- 
tance in  the  province  of  West  Jersey,  being 
appointed  by  the  first  assembly  in  1681  one  of  the 
two  receivers-general  to  collect  ^200  to  defray  the 
debts  of  the  province  and  being  chosen  the  same 
year  a  commissioner  for  the  regulation  of  lands,  a 
member  of  the  council,  and  one  of  the  regulators 
of  weights  and  measures.  The  next  year  and  the 
year  thereafter  he  was  elected  to  the  assembly 
and  to  the  council  and  again  chosen  land  commis- 
sioner; and  in  1683  he  again  served  as  a  treasurer. 
In  1684  he  was  selected  by  the  assembly,  in  asso- 
ciation with  Samuel  Jening  (or  Jennings),  whom 
the  assembly  had  elected  governor,  to  proceed  to 
England  and  to  secure  from  Edward  Byllinge, 

*  Vol,  9,  p.  491. 


INTRODUCTION 

who  had  purchased  the  province  and  proprietary 
rights  from  the  duke  of  York  and  from  whom  the 
settlers  had  bought  their  lands,  a  confirmation  of 
the  power  of  self-government  already  assumed  by 
them  —  an  undertaking  in  which  the  two  emis- 
saries were  only  in  part  successful.*  The  next 
year  Budd  was  once  more  elected  to  the  assembly ; 
but  he  must  have  very  soon  removed  to  Philadel- 
phia, for  his  name  appears  on  a  petition  to  the 
Pennsylvania  provincial  council  before  the  expira- 
tion of  the  year.  In  February,  1688-89,  he  was, 
with  others,  "requesting  incouragement  from 
the  governor's  council"  for  a  plan  of  setting  up 
a  bank,  a  scheme  which  met  with  no  immediate 
results.  About  1689  he  erected  on  the  west  side 
of  Front  Street,  adjoining  the  drawbridge  or  dock, 
a  row  of  timber  and  brick  houses,  called  in  after 
times  Budd's  Long  Row.  The  southernmost 
house  of  the  ten  became  the  Blue  Anchor  tavern, 
the  name  having  been  transferred  from  a  still 
earlier  place  of  entertainment.  A  picture  of  the 
tavern,  which  stood  until  1810,  is  given  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Magazine,  vol.  20,  p.  427.  Two  of  the 
buildings  in  the  Row  were  standing  so  late  as 
1840.  f    Budd  is  referred  to  in  the  book  of  grantors 

♦"Documents  Relating  to  the  Colonial  History  of  the  State  of 
New  Jersey,"  vol.  2,  p.  65.  "Narrative  and  Critical  History  of 
America,"  vol.  3,  p.  442. 

•^Pennsylvania  Magazine,  vol.  4.  p.  51. 
—  10  — 


INTRODUCTION 

in  the  Philadelphia  office  of  deeds  as  "merchant." 
In  1691  occurred  the  secession  from  the  Phila- 
delphia Friends  of  George  Keith,  and  Budd  was 
one  of  his  leading  supporters.  Among  the  numer- 
ous controversial  publications  of  the  time  were 
two  of  which  Keith  and  Budd  were  the  joint 
authors,  and  one  of  these,  the  "Plea  of  the  Inno- 
cent against  the  False  Judgment  of  the  Guilty," 
caused  their  indictment,  trial,  and  conviction  on  a 
charge  of  "defamingly  accusing"  a  magistrate; 
but  the  fines  of  five  pounds  each  levied  against 
them  were  never  exacted.  The  especial  offense  of 
Budd  was  that  of  saying,  ' '  Samuell  Jenings  had  be- 
haved himself  too  high  and  imperiously  in  Worldly 
Courts;"  and  of  calling  him  "an  impudent,  pre- 
sumptuous and  insolent  man."  To  the  whole 
series  of  trials  to  which  the  Keithians  were  sub- 
jected Mr.  Hildeburn  observes*  that  "the  term 
'  persecution '  is  probably  not  improperly  applied," 
the  presiding  judge  having  been  the  subject  of  the 
alleged  defamation  and  the  juries  having  been,  it 
is  at  least  charged,  packed  with  Keith's  enemies. 
Budd  accompanied  Keith  to  England  to  defend 
him  —  unavailingly,  as  it  turned  out  —  before  the 
yearly  meeting  of  the  Friends ;  but,  whereas  Keith 
ultimately  became  a  clergyman  of  the  established 
church  and  was  famous  for  his  success  in  the  con- 
version  of   Quakers,  Budd   joined   the  Baptists 

*"  Issues  of  the  Press  in  Pennsylvania,"  vol.  i,  p.  30. 

—  II  — 


INTRODUCTION 

and  preached  among  them.  *  He  died  in  Philadel- 
phia February  15,  1697-8,  leaving  four  surviving 
children.  His  oldest  son,  John,f  after  serving  as 
sheriff  of  Philadelphia  County,  removed  to  what 
is  now  Morris  County,  N.  J.,  where  for  many  years 
he  acted  as  agent  of  the  proprietaries.  He  was  a 
large  owner  of  real  estate  in  Philadelphia  and 
New  Jersey ;  and  by  his  wife,  Rebecca  Baynton, 
had  ten  or  more  children,  one  of  whom,  Sarah, 
married  John  Morrey,  son  of  the  first  mayor  of 
Philadelphia,  who  had  been  among  the  foremost 
of  her  grandfather's  persecutors.  Mary,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Budd,  was  the  mother  of  William 
Allen,  chief -justice  of  Pennsylvania  from  1750  to 
1774,  and  later  a  loyalist  author.  Thomas  Budd's 
other  daughter.  Rose,  married  for  her  third  hus- 
band a  son  of  Mayor  Edward  Shippen.  Mr.  Arm- 
strong says  that  the  descendants  of  Thomas  Budd 
are  comparatively  few,  the  numerous  bearers  of  the 
name  in  Pennsylvania  and  southern  New  Jersey 
being  chiefly  descendants  of  his  brother  William. 
Of  this  line  were  William  Bradford,  great-grand- 
son of  the  famous  printer  and  attorney-general  of 
the  United  States  under  President  Washington, 
and  William  Bingham  Baring,  Lord  Ashburton. 

•Morgan  Edwards's  "  Material  toward  a  History  of  the  American 
Baptists,"  cited  by  the  Pennsylvania  Magazine,   vol.  4  p.  131. 

•)•  Clues  to  information  regarding  the  Budd  family  additional  to 
that  given  by  Mr.  Armstrong  are  supplied  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Magazine,  vol.  10,  p.  124. 

—  12  


INTRODUCTION 

Justin  Winsor  *  notes  the  existence  of  original 
copies  of  Biidd's  book  in  the  Carter-Brown  and 
Lenox  libraries  and  in  the  libraries  of  the  Histor- 
ical Society  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  the  Friends 
in  Philadelphia.  There  is  also  a  copy  in  the  Brit- 
ish Museum.  Henry^Stevens  in  his  "Historical 
Nuggets"  (1862)  quoted  a  copy  at  ^6  16-s'.  M.  A 
copy  in  full  levant  morocco,  by  Pratt,  belonging 
to  John  A.  Rice  of  Chicago,  was  sold  in  March, 
1870,  to  Sabin  &  Sons  for  $155.  The  same  copy 
fetched  $150  at  the  sale  of  the  library  of  William 
Menzies  of  New  York  (1875),  when  it  was  described 
in  Sabin' s  catalogue  as  "one  of  the  rarest  of  books 
relating  to  Pennsylvania."  It  was  again,  pre- 
sumably, the  same  copy  which  at  the  sale  in  New 
York  of  S.  L.  M.  Barlow's  books  in  1889  brought 
$400,  although  it  was  still  incorrectly  described 
as  printed  in  London.  After  passing  through  the 
hands  of  two  dealers  and  one  collector,  it  reached 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  who  advertised  it  in  their 
November,  1900,  catalogue  for  $700,  and  sold  it 
at  that  price  to  a  private  collector  whose  name  Is 
not  given.  Between  1895  and  1900  a  somewhat 
inferior  copy  was  sold  by  the  same  firm  to  E.  E. 
Ayer  of  Chicago  at  a  price  not  named.  A  copy 
in  the  Brinley  collection,  which  was  uncut  and 
therefore  was  described  as  of  "  excessive  rarity, " 
although  the  genuineness  of  the  last  leaf  had 

*  "Narrative  and  Critical  History  of  America,"  vol,  3,  p.  499. 

—  13  — 


INTRODUCTION 

been  questioned,  brought  S160  in  1880;  it  is  now 
owned  by  E.  D.  Church  of  Brooklyn.  The  dis- 
covery that  the  book  was  one  of  the  very  earliest 
products  of  Bradford's  press  has  greatly  enhanced 
its  value,  and  June  9,  1902,  Quaritch  paid  ^125 
to  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge  of  London  for  the 
copy  in  the  collection  of  Marshall  C.  Lefferts  of 
New  York,  which  was  in  full  morocco,  uncut,  by 
Bedford,  although  it  was  asserted  that  two  of  the 
leaves  were  in  facsimile.  The  Gowans  reprint 
included  fifty*  tall  copies,  and  the  small-paper 
edition  was  described  as  "quite  limited." 

The  following  are  titles  of  other  publications 
attributed  to  Budd : 

A  True  and  Perfect  account  of  the  disposal  of  the  one  hundred 
Shares  or  Proprieties  of  the  Province  of  West-New-Jersey,  by 
Edward  Bylling,  dated  the  13th  of  Jvdy,  X685. 

A  note  in  Joseph  Smith's  "Descriptive  Cata- 
logue of  Friends'  Books"  says:  "This  paper  he 
unadvisedly  published  in  print."  It  is  the  one 
to  which  reference  is  made  by  Mr.  Hildeburn 
(p.  8)  and  by  Budd  himself  (p.  75). 

A  Brief  answer  to  two  papers  procured  from  Friends  in  Maryland, 
the  one  concerning  Thomas  Budd's  favouring  John  Lynan,  &c.  the 
other  concerning  his  owning  George  Keith's  Principles  and  Doc- 
trines.    4to.     [Philadelphia.]     Printed  in  the  Year  1692.     Half  page. 

A  Just  Rebuke  to  several  Calumnies,  Lyes  and  Slanders  Reported 
against  Thomas  Budd.  4to.  [Printed  by  William  Bradford,  Phila- 
delphia?].    I  p. 

*Sabin  says^sixty  in  his  "  Dictionary  of  Books  Relating  to  Amer- 
ica," vol.  3,  p.  84. 

—  14  — 


INTRODUCTION 

Mr.  Hildeburn  says  in  his  ' '  Issues  of  the  Press 
in  Pennsylvania:"  "In  this  tract  Budd  gives  a 
statement  of  the  Keithian  doctrines,  and  recites 
various  stories  circulated  concerning  himself. 
Two  of  these,  with  extracts  from  his  answers,  are 
as  follows :  It  was  reported  '  That  I  did  weep  so 
much  at  a  meeting  as  to  wet  Two  Handkerchiefs 
of  three  Quarters  of  a  yard  each,  and  all  in  deceit. 
To  which  I  say,  this  is  a  great  Lye.'  'It  was 
reported  by  Arthur  Cook  that  I  struck  him  on  the 
face  in  the  public  Meeting  in  Philadelphia.  This 
is  to  signify  to  all  who  are  desirous  to  know  the 
truth  of  the  matter  .  .  .  that  while  G.  K. 
was  declaring  I  stept  between  G.  K.  and  him  to 
keep  him  off  from  staring  him  in  the  face,  but 
Arthur  pressing  to  get  close  to  G.  K.  I  stood  in 
his  way,  and  Arthur  said  Wilt  thou  push  me? 
No  said  I,  but  I  think  to  stand  in  the  way,  and 
not  let  thee  come  close  to  him,  and  withal  in  a 
familiar  way,  I  did  gently  stroke  his  face,  as  a 
nurse  would  do  a  sucking  child  .  .  .  intend- 
ing no  hurt.'  " 

A  Testimony  for  Truth  against  error.     [About  1697.] 

The  following  tracts  were  written  by  Budd  in 
conjunction  with  others : 

An  Expostulation  with  Thomas  Lloyd,  Samuell  Jennings,  and  the 
rest  of  the  Twenty-eight  unjust  Judges  and  Signers  of  the  Paper  of 
Condemnation  against  George  Keith  and  the  rest  of  his  Friends. 
And  Complaint  for  a  Public  Hearing  and  Tryal  before  all  impartial 
People.   4to.   [Printed  by  William  Bradford,  Philadelphia,  1692.]   i  p. 

—  15  — 


INTRODUCTION 

Signed  by  Budd,  Bradford,  and  others.  It  was 
reprinted  in  the  following: 

A  True  copy  of  Three  Judgments  given  forth  by  a  Party  of  Men, 
called  Quakers,  at  Philadelphia,  against  George  Keith  and  his 
Friends,  With  two  answers  to  the  said  Judgments.  4to.  [Philadel- 
phia, printed  by  William  Bradford,  1692,]     2  pp. 

A  Testimony  and  Caution  to  such  as  do  make  a  profession  of 
Truth,  who  are  in  scorn  called  Quakers,  and  more  especially  such 
who  profess  to  be  Ministers  of  the  Gospel  of  Peace,  that  they  should 
not  be  concerned  in  Worldly  Government.  4to.  [Philadelphia, 
printed,  1692.]     \]/i  pp. 

Note :  "  Given  forth  at  the  Monethly  Meeting  of 
the  Christian  People,  called  Quakers,  at  the  House 
of  Philip  James,  the  28th  of  the  12th  Month,  1692. 
And  ordered  to  go  forth  in  the  Name  and  by  the 
Appointment  of  the  said  Meeting."  With  a  post- 
script by  Thomas  Budd  and  John  Hart. 

The  Plea  of  the  Innocent  against  the  False  Judgement  of  the 
Guilty,  being  a  Vindication  of  George  Keith,  and  his  Friends,  who 
are  joyned  with  him  in  the  present  Testimony,  from  the  false  Judge- 
ment, Calumnies,  False  Informations  and  Defamations  of  Samuell 
Jenings,  John  Simcock,  Thomas  Lloyd,  and  others  joyned  with 
them,  being  in  number  Twenty  Eight.  Directed  by  way  of  Epistle 
to  faithful  Friends  of  Truth  in  Pennsilvania,  East  and  West  Jersey, 
and  elsewhere,  as  occasion  requireth.  Given  forth  in  behalf  of 
Themselves,  and  their  Friends  concerned  with  them  in  this  Testi- 
mony ;  by  order  of  our  Meeting.  By  George  Keith,  Thomas  Budd. 
4to.     [Philadelphia,  printed.    1692.]     3  pp. 

This  was  the  tract  which  caused  Budd's  indict- 
ment, as  already  noted.  The  following  is  also 
attributed  to  Budd  and  Keith  in  collaboration : 

False  Judgments  Reprehended:  And  a  Just  Reproof  to  Tho. 
Evemdon,  And  his  Associates  and  Fellow-Travellers.  For  the 
False  and  rash  Judgment  T.  E.  gave  against  G.  K.  and  his  faithful 
Friends  and  Brethren,  at  the  Publick  Meeting  at  Philadelphia,  the 
37.  of  10.  Mon.  1692.  And  also  for  their  bringing  with  them  their 
Paquet  of  Letters   (Saul-like  to   Damascus)   containing  the  false 


INTRODUCTION 

judgment  of  a  faction  of  men,  calling  themselves  the  Yearly-Meet- 
ing at  Tredoven  in  Maryland  the  4  of  8.  Mon.  92.  And  another  false 
Judgment  contained  in  another  Letter  from  William  Richardson, 
All  which  will  return  upon  their  own  heads.  [Philadelphia:  William 
Bradford.     1692.]     8vo.     8  pp. 

The  Great  Doctrines  of  the  Gospel  of  Christ,  Owned,  Believed 
and  asserted  in  several  Declarations  or  Sermons  Preached  in  Lon- 
don by  Sundry  Servants  of  Christ  of  the  Society  of  Christian  Qua- 
kers. London,  Printed  for  Nath.  Crouch,  at  the  Bell  in  the  Poultry, 
near  Cheapside.     lamo.     1694.     9  pp. 

This  consists  solely  of  sermons  by  Budd,  Keith, 
and  others.  The  name  Christian  Quakers  was 
adopted  by  the  Keithians  to  distinguish  themselves 
from  the  sect  from  which  they  had  separated. 
Budd's  name  is  among  those  signed  to  still  other 
tracts  published  by  Keith' s  followers. 

Feederick  J.  Shepard. 


17 


BUDD'S   PENNSYLVANIA 
AND   NEW  JERSEY 

[PHILADELPHIA  :  WILLIAM  BRADFORD] 
1685 


Title-page  and  text  reprinted  from  a  copy  of  the 

original   edition  in  the  Lenox  Library, 

New  York  City. 


T 


(jced  Order    EUabliJhed 


777; 


I  N 


Being  a  true  Accotintdf  the  Gountryt  -^ 
With  its  Produce  and  Commodrtlcs  there  made.     ' 

And  the  great  Improvements  ,t4la;C^m.ay  be  ftiade^l^ 
-    means  of  i&ublicltS>to3^e^^u!;eieif  for  i|em?,  f  laji?  a^4 

>tmnen^Clotl^  ;    alfo,  the  .Advantages  pf  a  JBUjrftdil^ 

^C^jpOl,  the  Profitsof  apttlbtt'ck0arik,  and  thePirol/^^^ 

,  bility  of  its  arifing,  if  thbft  dili^fljofls  herfelaid  ddwttt  ale 

'*    followed/:  With  the  advantages  o^publick'<15janatieje(./^ 

Likcwife>  fcveral  ether  things  needful  to;  be  iinderftcodi'  Jby 

thofe  that  are  ox  do  intend?^;  be  concerned  in  planning  in 

i,      the  iaid Gountries*      ,  .^  ' ■.        _     t-    •     '    V 

AJI  which  is  laid'down  fey.piam^  iri'tMs  fiiflalfTj^eatifeJ'iit' 
-     beingeafic  tp  be underftood by  any' ordiMfy  C^pa^Sty^^tTp 
which  the  Ktkd,tr  is  referred  for  his  ftirther  iatisfa^ioij* '? % 


i 


5  ;.: 


Those  that  have  generous  Spirits,  whose  desires 

and  Endeavours  are  to  bring  the  Creation 

into  Order,  do  I  dedicate  This,  the 

first  Fruits  of  my  Endeavours. 

I  Taking  into  consideration  the  distressed  Condition 
that  many  thousand  Families  lie  under  in  my 
Native  Country,  by  reason  of  the  deadness  of  Trade,  and 
want  of  work,  and  believing  that  many  that  have  great 
store  of  Money  that  lies  by  them  unimploy'd,  would  be 
willing  and  ready  to  assist  and  encourage  those  poor 
distressed  People,  by  supplying  them  with  Monies,  in 
order  to  bring  them  out  of  that  Slavery  and  Poverty 
they  groan  under,  if  they  might  do  it  with  safety  to 
themselves.  These  Considerations  put  me  on  writing 
this  small  Treatise,  ivherein  I  hope  the  Reader  ivill  have 
full  Satisfaction,  that  the  Rich  may  help  to  relieve  the 
Poor,  and  yet  reap  great  Profit  and  Advantage  to  them- 
selves by  their  so  doing,  which  if  it  so  happen  that 
Rich  and  Poor  are  benefitted  by  following  the  Advice 
here  given,  then  will  be  ansrrered  the  hearty  Desires  of 
Your  True  and  Well-wishing  Friend, 

THOMAS  BVDD. 

It  is  to  be  noted,  that  the  Government  of  these 
Countries  is  so  settled  by  Concessions,  and  such 
care  taken  by  the  establishment  of  certain  funda- 
mental Laws,  by  which  every  Man's  Liberty  and 
Property,  both  as  Men  and  Christians,  are  pre- 
served ;  so  that  none  shall  be  hurt  in  his  Person, 
Estate  or  Liberty  for  his  Religious  Perswasion  or 
Practice  in  Worship  towards  God. 

—  23  — 


PENNSYLVANIA*  and  Neiv-Jersij  in  America 
lieth  in  about  forty  and  forty  two  Degrees  of 
North  Latitude,  and  is  severed  the  one  from  the 
other  by  the  River  of  Delaware  on  the  West,  and 
seperated  from  New-York  Collony  by  Sandy-hoock- 
Bay,  and  part  of  Hudsons  River  on  the  East.  The 
dayes  in  the  Winter  are  about  two  hours  longer, 
and  in  the  Summer  two  hours  shorter  than  in 
England,  the  Summer  somewhat  hotter,  which 
causeth  the  Fruits  and  Corn  somewhat  to  ripen 
faster  than  in  England,  and  the  Harvest  for  Wheat, 
Rye  and  Barley,  being  about  the  latter  end  of  June. 
In   the  Winter    season  it  is  cold  and  freezing 

*Mr.  Armstrong  observes  that  Budd's  book  was  doubtless  sug- 
gested by  "  England's  Improvement  by  Sea  and  Land,  to  outdo  the 
Dutch  without  Fighting;  to  pay  Debts  without  Money;  to  set  at 
Work  all  the  Poor  of  England  with  the  Growth  of  our  own  Lands ; 
to  prevent  unnecessary  Suits  in  Law,  with  the  Benefit  of  a  Volun- 
tary Register,"  etc.,  London,  i68i,  by  Andrew  Yarranton,  parlia- 
mentary soldier,  ironworker,  civil  engineer,  philanthropist,  and 
controversialist;  whose  book  is  said  by  John  R.  McCulloch  in  his 
"  Literature  of  Political  Economy  "  to  "  present  a  curious  medley  of 
practicable  and  useful,  and  of  impracticable  and  useless,  or  perni- 
cious, suggestions. ' '  There  are  interesting  articles  about  Yarranton 
in  the  "  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,"  vol.  63,  p.  284,  and  in 
R.  H.  L  Palgfrave's  "  Dictionary  of  Political  Economy,"  vol.  3, 
p.  681. 

—  25  — 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

Weather,  and  sometimes  Snow,  but  commonly 
very  clear  and  Sun-shine,  which  soon  dissolves  it. 

The  Country  is  well  Watered,  the  River  of  Dela- 
ware being  navigable  for  Ships  ot  great  burthen 
to  Burlington,  *  which  from  the  Capes,  or  entrance, 
is  accounted  an  hundred  and  forty  Miles ;  and  for 
Sloops  to  the  Falls,  which  is  about  ten  miles 
farther. 

The  Bay  of  Sandy-hooch  on  East-Jersy  is  a  safe 
and  excellent  Harbour  for  any  Fleet  of  Ships, 
which  can  lie  there  in  all  Weathers,  and  go  in 
and  out  to  Sea  in  Winter,  as  well  as  Summer,  and 
Ships  of  great  Burthen  can  lie  close  to  the  Town 
of  Neiv-Perth,^  which  renders  it  a  good  Scituation 
for  Navigation,  from  whence  in  six  Hours  time  at 
most,  Ships  can  go  out  into  the  Sea ;  and  close  by 
the  Town  of  Perth  runs  up  Rariton  River.  From 
the  Falls  of  Delaware  River  the  Indians  go  in  Can- 
nows  up  the  said  River,  to  an  Indian  Town  called 
Minisincks,  which  is  accounted  from  the  Falls 
about  eighty  Miles ;  but  this  they  perform  by  great 
Labour  in  setting  up  against  the  Stream;   but 

*  Burlington,  N.  J.,  was  first  called  New  Beverley  and  then  Brid- 
lington, of  which  Burlington  is  a  corruption,  both  Beverley  and 
Bridlington  being  towns  of  Yorkshire,  from  which  part  of  the  settlers 
came.  On  some  old  maps  the  name  appears  as  "  Bridlington,  vulgo 
Burlington."  In  numerous  cases  the  corrupted  spelling  of  English 
town  names  was  given  to  American  settlements  —  as  Pomfret  for 
Pontefract,  and  Killingworth   for  Kenilworth. 

t  Perth  Amboy.  Named  after  the  earl  of  Perth,  one  of  the  pro- 
prietaries of  East  Jersey.  Amboy  is  from  the  Indian  word  ambo, 
meaning  ' '  point. ' ' 

—  26  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

they  can  come  down  with  ease  and  speed;  the 
River, from  the  Falls  runs  from  the  North  and 
North -West  about  twenty  miles,  as  I  my  self 
observed  in  my  Travel  so  lar  by  the  River,  but  by 
the  Indians  Information,  it  cometh  about  more 
Easterly  farther  up.  I  have  been  informed,  that 
Sihovii  Minisincks,*  by  the  River-side,  both  in  New- 
Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  is  great  quantities  of 
exceeding  rich  open  Land,  which  is  occasioned  by 
washing  down  of  the  Leaves  and  Soil  in  great 
Rains  from  the  Mountains,  which  Land  is  exceed- 
ing good,  for  the  raising  of  Hemp  and  Flax,  Wheat, 
or  any  other  sorts  of  Corn,  Fruits,  Roots  &c. 
Where  in  time  may  be  conveniently  settled  a 
Manufacture  for  the  making  of  Linnen-Cloth,  Cor- 
dage,  Twine,  Sacking,  Fishing -Nets,  and  all  other 
Commodities  commonly  made  of  Hemp  or  Flax: 

*  Samuel  W.  Eager  in  his  "  Outline  History  of  Orange  County" 
says  that  Minisink  is  a  corruption  of  the  Indian  word  Minsies.  He 
relates  a  tradition  that,  before  the  Delaware  River  broke  through  the 
mountain  at  the  Water  Gap,  the  lands  for  thirty  or  forty  miles  bor- 
dering upon  it  were  covered  by  a  lake,  but  became  drained  by  the 
breaking  down  of  that  part  of  the  dam  which  confined  it,  and  that 
a  part  of  a  tribe  of  Indians  from  New  Jersey  settled  upon  these 
lands  from  which  the  waters  had  retired.  The  lands  were  called 
Minsies,  signifying  "  lands  from  which  the  water  had  gone,"  and 
the  name  was  afterward  applied  to  the  Indians  themselves.  The 
tradition  that  miners  from  Holland  were  at  work  in  the  mine-holes 
of  Minisink  previous  to  the  surrender  of  New  York  to  the  English, 
to  which  Mr.  Armstrong  devotes  several  pages  of  notes,  is  discussed 
at  some  length  in  James  F.  Quinlan's  "  History  of  Sullivan  County," 
pp.  378-388,  with  the  conclusion  that  there  is  no  evidence  that  the 
Minisink  country  was  settled  previous  to  1697,  when  Captain  Arent 
Schuyler  received  a  patent  for  lands  -in  the  valley. 

—  27  — 


B    U  D   D   '    S       PENNSYLVANIA 

And  after  great  Rains,  we  may  bring  down  great 
quantities  of  Goods  in  flat-bottom -Boats,  built  for 
that  purpose,  which  will  then  come  down,  by  rea- 
son of  the  Land-floods  with  speed. 

And  into  this  River,  betwixt  the  Capes  and  the 
Falls,  run  many  navigable  Rivers  and  Cricks, 
some  of  them  fifteen  or  twenty  Miles,  and  others 
less,  which  Rivers  and  Cricks  are  made  by  the 
plenty  of  Springs  and  Brooks,  that  run  out  of  the 
Country,  many  of  which  Brooks  are  so  consider- 
able, as  to  be  fit  to  drive  Mills.  And  above  the 
falls,  in  travelling  of  twenty  Miles  by  the  Rivers 
side,  I  went  over  twenty  runnings  of  Water,  five 
or  six  of  them  being  fit  to  build  Mills  on. 

The  Country  for  the  most  part  is  pretty  leavel, 
until  we  come  about  ten  Miles  above  the  Falls, 
where  it  is  Mountanious  for  many  Miles,  but 
interlaced  with  fertile  Valleys.  The  Bay  and 
River  of  Delaware,  and  the  Rivers  and  Cricks  that 
runs  into  it,  are  plentifully  stored  with  various 
sorts  of  good  Fish  and  Water-Fowl,  as  Swans,  Geese, 
Ducks,  Wigeons*  &g.  And  a  considerable  Whale- 
Fishery,  may  be  carried  on  in  the  Bay  of  Delaware, 
and  on  the  Sea- Coasts  of  New- Jersey,  there  being 
TTAa/e-Fisheries  already  begun,  plenty  of  Whales 

*Dr.  Johnson  defines  wigeon  as  "  a  waterfowl,  not  unlike  a  wild 
duck,  but  not  so  large."  But  the  word  seems  to  have  been  used  in 
England  formerly  with  little  discrimination,  though  it  is  now 
attempted  to  confine  it  to  the  whistling  duck,  genus  Mareca,  sub- 
family anatince. 

—  28  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

being  by  experience  found  there,  and  the  Winter- 
time being  the  time  for  the  catching  them,  they 
will  not  thereby  be  hindred  of  raising  there  Sum- 
mer-Crops; and  the  Oyl  and  Bone  being  good 
commodities  to  be  sent  for  England,  there  also 
being  in  the  Bay  of  Delaware  and  Sandy -hoockj 
Drums,  Sheeps-heads,  Bass,  and  other  sorts  of  large 
Fish,  which  may  be  fit  to  salt  up  in  Casks  to  keep 
for  use,  and  Transportation  also.  There  are  great 
plenty  of  Oysters,  which  may  be  pickled  and  put 
up  in  small  Casks  for  use.  Likewise,  in  Delaware 
River  are  great  plenty  of  Sturglon,  which  doubt- 
less might  be  a  good  Trade,  if  mannaged  by  such 
Persons  as  are  skilful  in  the  boyling  and  pickling 
of  them,  so  as  to  preserve  them  good  to  Barhadoes, 
and  other  adjacent  Islands.  There  are  also  in 
the  Spring  great  quantities  of  a  sort  of  Fish  like 
Herrings:  with  plenty  of  the  Fish  called  Shads, 
but  not  like  the  Shads  in  England,  but  of  another 
kind,  being  a  much  better  sort  of  Fish;  the  Inhab- 
itants usually  catch  quantities,  which  they  salt  up, 
and  pack  them  in  Barrels  for  Winter's  Provision. 
The  Lands  from  the  Capes,  to  about  six  Miles 
above  New-Castle  (which  is  by  estimation  ninety 
Miles)  is  for  the  most  part  very  rich,  there  being 
very  many  navigable  Cricks  on  both  sides  of  the 
River,  and  on  the  River  and  Cricks  are  great 
quantities  of  rich  fat  Marsh  Land,  which  causeth 
those  parts,  to  some  fresh  People,  to  be  somewhat 

—  29—. 


B    U  D   D   '   S        PENNSYLVANIA 

unhealthful  in  the  latter  part  of  the  Summer,  at 
which  time  some  of  them  have  Agues:  Also  in  and 
near  these  Marshes,  are  small  Flies,  called  Muske- 
toes,  which  are  troublesome  to  such  People  as  are 
not  used  to  them ;  but  were  those  Marshes  banked, 
and  drained,  and  then  plowed  and  sowed,  some 
Years  with  Corn,  and  then  with  English  Hay-seed, 
I  do  suppose  it  would  be  healthful,  and  very  little 
troubled  with  Musketoes;  and  if  Cattle  did  com- 
monly feed  on  this  Ground,  and  tread  it  as  in 
E^igland,  I  suppose  it  would  not  be  inferior  to  the 
rich  Meadows  on  the  River  of  Thames;  and  were 
quantities  of  this  Land  laid  dry,  and  brought  into 
Tillage,  I  suppose  it  would  bear  great  Crops  of 
Wheat,  Pease  and  Barley,  Hemp  and  Flax,  and  it 
would  be  very  fit  for  Hop-Gar  dens,  and  for  English 
Grass,  which  might  serve  for  rich  Pastures  or 
Meadow.  Also  these  Marshes  are  fit  for  Rape, 
and  were  Rape-WiW.^  built,  and  the  design  man- 
naged,  so  as  it  would  be  if  it  were  in  England  or 
Holland,  a  great  Trade  might  be  carried  on,  and 
many  hundred  Tuns  of  Rape-Ojl  might  be  made 
yearly,  and  sent  to  England,  to  the  Planters  inrich- 
ment;  and  not  only  so,  but  would  be  for  Mer- 
chants advantage,  they  thereby  having  Goods  to 
freight  their  Ships,  which  would  tend  to  the 
benefit  of  the  Inhabitants  in  general. 

And  if  those  Trades  and  Designs  are  carried  on 
to  effect,  as  are  mentioned  in  this  Treatise,  there 

—  30  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

would  naturally  follow  Trade  and  Imployment 
for  Ship-w rights,  Boat-wrights,  Coopers,  Carpenters^ 
Smiths,  Rojjers,  Mariners,  Weaver's,  Butchers,  Bakers, 
Brewers  ;  and  many  other  sorts  of  Trades  would 
have  full  Inip[l]oyment. 

From  six  Miles  above  New-Castle  to  the  Falls  of 
Delaivare  (which  is  about  sixty  Miles)  and  so  to  the 
Head  of  the  said  River,  the  Water  is  clear,  fresh, 
and  fit  for  Brewing,  or  any  other  use. 

The  Air  clear  and  good,  it  being  supposed  to  be 
as  healthful  as  any  part  of  England. 

The  Land  is  in  Veins,  some  good,  and  some 
bad,  but  the  greatest  part  will  bear  good  Corn,  as 
Wheat,  Rye,  Barley,  Oats,  Indian  Corn,  Buck-Wheat, 
Pease  and  Indian  Beans,  &c. 

Fruits  that  grow  natural  in  the  Countries  are 
Straivherries,  Cramherries,  Huckleberries,  Blackber- 
ries, Medlers,*  Grapes,  Plums,  Hickery-Nuts,  Wal- 
nuts, Mulberies,  Chestnuts,  Hasselnuts,  &c. 

Garden  Fruits  groweth  well,  as  Cabbage,  Col- 
worts,-^  Colliflowers,  Sparagrass,  Carrots,  Parsneps, 
Turnups,  Oynions,  Cowcumbers,  Pumkins,  Water-Mel- 

*  The  medlar-tree  is  the  Mespilus  germanica,  related  to  the  crab- 
apple,  the  fruit  of  which,  resembling  a  small,  brown-skinned  apple, 
is  harsh  and  uneatable  until  it  has  begun  to  decay.  Hence  Rosalind 
says  to  Touchstone:  "You'll  be  rotten  ere  you  be  half  ripe,  and 
that's  the  right  virtue  of  the  medlar."  —  "  As  You  Like  It,"  act  3, 
sc.  2,  1.  126. 

t  Cabbage,  especially  a  cabbage  that  does  not  heart.  The  word 
oflfers  an  illustration  of  the  disappearance  of  the  old  English  words 
"  kale  "  and  "  wurt "  in  favor  of  the  more  Frenchified  "  cabbage." 

—  31  — 


B    U  D   D   '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

Ions,  Miisk-Mellons,  Squashes,  Potatoes,  Currants, 
Goosherries,  Roses,  Cornations,  Tulips,  Garden- 
Herbs,  Flowers,  Seeds,  Fruits,  &c.  for  such  as 
grow  in  England,  certainly  will  grow  here. 

Orchards  of  Apples,  Pears,  Quinces,  Peaches,  Apre- 
cocks.  Plums,  Cheries,  and  other  sorts  of  the  usual 
Fruits  of  England  may  be  soon  raised  to  good 
advantage,  the  Trees  growing  faster  than  in  Etig- 
land,  whereof  great  quantities  of  Sider  may  be 
made.  And  were  Glass-houses  erected  to  furnish 
us  with  Bottles,  we  might  have  a  profitable  Trade, 
by  sending  Sider  to  Jamaico  and  Barbadoes,  &c. 
ready  bottled,  which  is  commonly  so  sent  from 
Herefordshire  to  London. 

It  is  supposed  that  we  may  make  as  good  Wines 
as  in  France,  (if  Vineyards  were  planted  on  the 
sides  of  Hills  or  Banks,  which  are  defended  from 
the  cold  North-West  Winds)  with  such  Vines  as 
the  French-men  commonly  make  those  Wines  of; 
for  the  Climate  is  as  proper  as  any  part  of  France, 
therefore  it  is  rational  to  believe,  that  the  Wines 
will  be  as  rich  and  good  as  in  France.  There  are 
some  Vineyards  already  planted  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  more  intended  to  be  planted  by  some  French- 
Protestants,*  and  others,  that  are  gone  to  settle 
there. 

*  Traces  of  the  Huguenot  emigration  to  the  Delaware  valley  after 
the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  are  found  in  the  presence  of 
such  names  as  Cuddeback,  Depew,  and  Gumaer  in  Orange  County, 
N.  Y.,  and  thereabouts. 

—  32  — 


AND         NEW        JERSEY 

Several  other  CommoditieB  may  be  raised  here, 
as  Rice,  which  is  known  to  have  been  sown  for  a 
tryal,  and  it  grew  very  well,  and  yielded  good 
encrease. 

Also  Annis- Seeds  I  have  been  informed  groweth 
well,  and  might  be  a  profitable  Commodity,  there 
being  great  Quantities  used  in  England  by  Distil- 
lers. 

Liquorish  doubtless  would  grow  very  well.  And 
I  question  not  but  that  Mather*  Woad,  and  other 
Plants  and  Roots  for  Dyers  use  might  be  raised. 
Shuemack  groweth  naturally.  Also  several  useful 
Drugs  grow  naturally,  as  Sassafrass,  SassapereUa, 
Callamus,  Aromaticus,  Snalce-Root,  Jallappa.j;  &c. 

The  Pine-Tree  groweth  here,  out  of  which  is  made 
Pitch,  Tar,  Rosin,  and  Turpentine:  In  Neiv-England 
some  make  quantities  of  Tar  out  of  the  knots  of 
Pine  Trees,  with  which  they  supply  themselves 
and  others. 

There  are  many  other  sorts  of  Plants,  Roots  and 
Herbs  of  great  Virtue,  which  grow  here,  which 
are  found  to  cure  such  Distempers  as  the  People 
are  insident  to. 

Hops  in  some  places  grow  naturally,  but  were 

*  Madder,  a  plant  akin  to  the  bedstraw,  from  the  roots  of  which  a 
red  dye  is  obtained.  Woad  is  a  cruciferous  plant,  from  the  root 
leaves  of  which  a  blue  dye  was  extracted  until  it  was  superseded  by 
indigo. 

t  Jalap,  an  oldtime  cathartic  of  great  repute.  It  takes  its  name 
from  the  Mexican  town  from  which  it  was  first  exported  in  1610. 

—  33  — 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

iZo/j-Gardens  planted  in  low  rich  Land,  quantities 
might  be  raised  to  good  advantage. 

There  is  no  Lime  Stone  as  we  yet  know  of,  but 
we  make  Lime  of  Oyster  Shels,  which  by  the  Sea 
and  Bay  side  are  so  plentiful,  that  we  may  load 
Ships  with  them. 

There  are  several  sorts  of  good  Claij,  of  which 
Bricks,  Earthen-Ware,  and  Tobacco-Pipes  are 
made;  and  in  some  places  there  are  Quaries  of  a 
ruf  hard  Stone,  which  are  good  to  wall  Cellars, 
and  some  Stone  fit  for  Pavement. 

The  Trees  grow  but  thin  in  most  places,  and 
very  little  under-Wood.  In  the  Woods  groweth 
plentifully  a  course  sort  of  Grass,  which  is  so 
proving  that  it  soon  makes  the  Cattel  and  Horses 
fat  in  the  Summer,  but  the  Haij  being  course, 
which  is  chiefly  gotten  on  the  fresh  Marshes,  the 
Cattel  loseth  their  Flesh  in  the  Winter,  and 
become  very  poor,  except  we  give  them  Corn :  But 
this  may  be  remydied  in  time,  by  draining  of  low 
rich  Land,  and  by  plowing  of  it,  and  sowing  it 
with  English-GTSiSS-seed,  which  here  thrives  very 
well. 

The  Hogs  are  fat  in  the  Woods  when  it  is  a  good 
Mast-Year. 

The  Woods  are  furnished  with  store  of  Wild 
Fowl,  as  Turkeys,  Phesants,  Heath-Cocks,  Partridges, 
Pidgeons,  Blackbirds,  &c.  And  People  that  will 
take  the  pains  to  raise  the  various  sorts  of  tame 

—  34  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

Fowl,  may  do  it  with  as  little  trouble,  and  less 
charge,  than  they  can  in  England,  by  reason  of 
what  they  find  in  the  Woods. 

Bees  are  found  by  the  experience  of  several  that 
keep  them,  to  thrive  very  well. 

I  do  not  question  but  that  we  might  make  good 
strong  sound  Beer,  Ale  and  Mum,*  that  would  keep 
well  to  Barbadoes  the  Water  being  good,  and 
Wheat  and  Barley  in  a  few  Years  like  to  be  very 
plentiful:  Great  quantities  of  Beer,  Ale  and  Mum 
is  sent  yearly  from  London,  and  other  places,  to 

* ' '  The  process  of  making  mum  as  recorded  in  the  Townhouse  of 
Brunswick,  the  place  of  most  note  for  this  liquor,  is  as  follows:  Take 
sixty-three  gallons  of  water  that  has  been  boiled  to  the  consumption 
of  a  third  part ;  brew  it  with  seven  bushels  of  wheaten  malt,  one 
bushel  of  oat  malt,  and  one  bushel  of  ground  beans;  when  it  is 
turned  let  not  the  hogshead  be  too  full  at  first ;  and  as  soon  as  it 
begins  to  work,  put  into  it  of  the  inner  rind  of  fir  three  pounds,  tops 
of  fir  and  birch  each  one  pound,  carduus  benedictus  three  handfuls, 
flowers  of  rosa  solis  one  handful  or  two;  bumet,  betony,  marjoram, 
avens,  pennyroyal,  wild  thyme,  of  each  a  handful  and  a  half;  of 
elderflowers  two  handfuls,  or  more ;  seeds  of  cardamom  bruised 
thirty  ounces ;  barberries  bruised  one  ounce ;  put  the  herbs  and  seeds 
into  the  vessel  when  the  liquor  has  worked  a  while;  and,  after  they 
are  added,  let  the  liquor  be  worked  over  the  vessel  as  little  as  may 
be ;  then  fill  it  up.  Lastly  when  it  is  stopped,  put  into  the  hogshead 
ten  new-laid  eggs,  unbroken  or  uncracked,  stop  it  up  close,  and 
drink  it  at  two  years'  end.  Our  English  brewers  use  cardamom, 
ganger,  and  sassafras,  instead  of  the  inner  rind  of  fir ;  and  add,  also, 
walnut  rinds,  madder,  red  sanders,  and  elecampagne. "  —  Rees's 
"  Cyclopaedia." 

"  A  sort  of  beverage  called  mum,  a  species  of  fat  ale,  brewed  from 
wheat  and  bitter  herbs,  of  which  the  present  generation  only  know 
the  name  by  its  occurrence  in  revenue  acts  of  parliament,  coupled 
with  cider,  perry,  and  other  excisable  commodities.  Lovel  .  .  . 
with  difiBculty  refrained  from  pronouncing  it  detestable."  —  Scott's 
"  Antiquary,"  ch.  ii. 

—  35  — 


B    U  D   D   '    S       PENNSYLVANIA 

Barbadoes,  Jamaica,  and  other  Islands  in  America, 
where  it  sells  to  good  advantage;  and  if  Beer,  Ale 
and  Mmn,  hold  good  from  England  to  those  places, 
which  'tis  said  is  above  one  thousand  Leagues;  I 
question  not  but  if  it  be  well  brewed  in  a  season- 
able time  of  the  Year,  and  put  up  in  good  Casks, 
but  it  will  keep  good  to  be  Transported  from  Dela- 
uare  Kiver  to  those  Islands  aforesaid,  which  by 
computation,  is  not  above  half  so  far.  If  Mer- 
chants can  gain  by  sending  Beer,  Ale  and  Mum 
from  England,  where  Corn  is  dear,  and  Freight 
is  dear,  by  reason  of  the  length  of  the  Voyage,  we 
in  all  probability  must  get  much  more,  that  buy 
our  Corn  cheap,  and  pay  less  Freight. 

Flower  and  Bisket  may  be  made  in  great  quanti- 
ties in  a  few  Years,  the  Wheat  being  very  good, 
which  seldom  fails  of  finding  a  good  Market  at 
Barhadoes,  Jamaica,  and  the  Carieh  Islands:  great 
quantities  are  sent  yearly  from  London,  and  other 
places,  Avhich  if  they  can  make  Profit  of  it,  we 
much  more  for  the  Reasons  already  given. 

Pork  is  but  about  half  the  price  as  in  England, 
therefore  the  Inhabitants  will  seldom  have  their 
Market  spoiled  by  any  that  come  from  England,  of 
which  Commodity  the  Inhabitants  in  a  few  Years 
will  have  Quantities  to  sell  to  the  Merchant,  which 
is  salted,  and  packed  in  Barrels,  and  so  trans- 
ported to  Jamaica,  Barhadoes,  Nevis,  and  other 
Islands.     Hams  of  Bacon   are  also  made,  much 

-36- 


AND         NEW        JERSEY 

after  the  same  manner  as  in  West-Falia,  and  the 
Bacon  eats  much  like  it. 

Our  Beef  in  the  Fall  is  very  fat  and  good,  and 
we  are  likely  in  a  few  Years  to  have  great  Plenty, 
which  will  serve  our  Families,  and  furnish  Ship- 
ping. 

Our  Mutton  is  also  fat,  sound  and  good,  being 
only  fed  with  natural  Grass ;  but  if  we  sprinkle 
but  a  little  English  Hay-Seed  on  the  Land  without 
Plowing,  and  then  feed  Sheep  on  it,  in  a  little 
time  it  will  so  encrease,  that  it  will  cover  the  Land 
with  English  Grass,  like  unto  our  Pastures  in 
England^  provided  the  Land  be  good.  We  find 
the  Profits  of  Sheep  are  considerable. 

Our  Butter  is  very  good,  and  our  Cheese  is  indif- 
ferent good,  but  when  we  have  Pastures  of  English 
Grass,  (which  many  are  getting  into)  then  I  sup- 
pose our  Cheese  will  be  as  good  as  that  of  England. 

Our  Horses*  are  good  serviceable  Horses,  fit 
both  for  Draught  and  Saddle,  the  Planters  will 
ride  them  fifty  Miles  a  day,  without  Shoes,  and 
some  of  them  are  indifferent  good  shapes ;  of  which 


*  Mr.  Armstrong  notes  that  William  Penn  had  an  Englishman's 
love  for  a  good  horse,  and  he  quotes  Dixon's  life  of  Penn  as  follows: 
' '  At  his  first  visit  to  America,  he  carried  over  three  blood  mares,  a 
fine  white  horse,  not  of  full  breed,  and  other  inferior  animals,  not 
for  breeding  but  for  labor.  His  inquiries  about  the  mares  were  as 
frequent  and  minute  as  those  about  the  gardens ;  and  when  he  went 
out  for  the  second  time,  in  1699,  he  took  with  him  the  magnificent 
colt,  Tamerlane,  by  the  celebrated  Godolphin  Barb,  to  which  the 
best  horses  in  England  trace  their  pedigree. ' ' 

-37- 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

many  Ships  are  freighted  yearly  from  New-England 
with  Horses  to  Barhadoes,  Nevis,  and  other  places ; 
and  some  Ships  have  also  been  freighted  out  of 
Pennsylvania  and  New-Jersey  with  Horses  to  Bar- 
badoes;  but  if  we  had  some  choise  Horses  from 
England,  and  did  get  some  of  the  best  of  our 
Mares,  and  keep  them  well  in  the  Winter,  and  in 
Pastures  inclosed  in  the  Summer,  to  prevent  there 
going  amongst  other  Horses,  we  might  then  have 
a  choice  breed  of  Horses,  which  would  tend  much 
to  the  advantage  of  the  Inhabitants. 

The  Commodities  fit  to  send  to  England,  besides 
what  are  already  named,  are  the  Skins  of  the  sev- 
eral wild  Beasts  that  are  in  the  Country,  as  Elks, 
Deer,  Beaver,  Fisher,  Bear,  Fox,  Rackoon,  Marten, 
Otter,  Woolf,  Muskquash,  Mink,  Cat,  &c. 

Potashes  may  be  here  made,  and  Soap,  not  only 
to  the  supply  of  our  selves,  but  to  sell  to  our 
Neighbours. 

Also  Iron  *  may  be  here  made,  there  being  one 
Jron-Work  already  in  'Esist- Jersey. 

*"In  Mr.  William  Reed  Deane's  '  Genealogical  Memoirs  of  the 
Leonard  Family, '  already  noticed,  it  is  said  that  Henry  Leonard  left 
Rowley  village,  Massachusetts,  early  in  1764,  '  and  at  that  time,  or 
soon  after,  went  to  New  Jersey,  establishing  the  iron  manufacture 
in  that  state. '  His  sons  Samuel,  Nathaniel,  and  Thomas  probably 
left  Rowley  village  soon  after  their  father's  departure  and  followed 
him  to  New  Jersey.  Bishop  says  that  Shrewsbury,  a  township  lying 
northwest  of  Long  Branch,  in  Monmouth  county,  was  settled  by 
Connecticut  people  soon  after  New  Jersey  was  surrendered  to  the 
English  by  the  Dutch  in  1664,  and  that  it  was  '  to  this  part  of  Jer- 
sey '  that  Henry  Leonard  removed.    About  the  time  of  the  Connecti- 

—  38- 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

Likewise,  we  may  furnish  Merchants  with  Pipe- 
Staves,  and  other  Coopers  Timber  and  Hoops. 

The  Woolen  Manufacture  may  be  mannaged  in 
Pennsylvania  and  New-Jersey,  to  good  advantage, 
the  upper  parts  of  the  Country  being  very  fit  for 
the  keeping  of  Sheep,  the  Wool  being  found  to  be 
good,  and  the  Sheep  not  subject  to  the  Bot :  The 
Ewes  commonly  after  the  first  time,  bring  two 
Lambs  at  once. 

But  it  may  be  queried.  How  shall  the  Sheep  be 
preserved  from  the  Wool/? 

I  answer;  Get  such  a  Flock  as  it  may  answer 
the  charge,  for  a  boy  to  make  it  his  full  Employ- 
ment to  look  alter  them,  and  let  them  be  pend  at 
Night  in  a  House  or  Fold  provided  for  that  purpose. 
If  one  man  have  not  enough  to  imploy  a  Shep- 
herd, then  let  several  joyn  their  Stock  together. 

cut  settlement  James  Grover,  who  had  resided  on  Long  Island,  also 
settled  in  Shrewsbury,  and  is  said  to  have  established  iron  works  in 
that  township,  which  he  afterwards  sold  to  Colonel  Lewis  Morris, 
then  a  merchant  of  Barbadoes,  but  born  in  England.  On  October 
26,  1676,  a  grant  of  land  was  made  to  Colonel  Morris,  with  full  liberty 
to  him  and  his  heirs  '  to  dig,  delve,  and  carry  away  all  such  mines 
for  iron  as  they  shall  find  or  see  fit  to  dig  and  carry  away  to  the  iron 
work,'  which  grant  establishes  the  fact  that  the  iron  works  in 
Shrewsbury  were  built  prior  to  1676,  and  that  they  were  then  owned 
by  Colonel  Morris.  They  were  probably  undertaken  about  1674,  the 
year  in  which  Henry  Leonard  is  said  to  have  emigrated  from  Massa- 
chusetts to  New  Jersey.  They  were  the  first  iron  works  in  New 
Jei-sey. "  —  James  M.  Swank's  "  History  of  the  Manufacture  of  Iron 
in  All  Ages,"  p.  146.  Mr.  Swank  adds  that  the  Shrewsbury  works 
do  not  seem  to  have  had  a  long  life.  Colonel  Lewis  Morris  was  the 
uncle  of  Lewis  Morris,  chief -justice  of  New  York  and  governor  of 
New  Jersey. 

—  39  — 


B    U  D   D   '    S        PENNSYLVANIA 

But  it  may  be  queried,  Where  shall  Wool  he  gotten 
to  carry  on  the  Woollen  Manufacture^  untill  we  have 
of  our  own  raising  ? 

I  answer;  in  Road-Island*  and  some  other 
adjacent  Islands  and  Places,  Wool  maybe  bought 
at  six  Pence  a  Pound,  and  considerable  quantities 
may  be  there  had,  which  will  supply  until  we  can 
raise  enough  of  our  own. 

Also,  we  may  have  Cotton-Wool \  from  Barba- 
does,  and  other  adjacent  Islands  in  returns  for  our 
Provisions  that  we  send  them.  So  that  the  mak- 
ing of  Cotton-Cloth  and  Fustians  may  be  likewise 
made  to  good  advantage,  the  Cotten-Wool  being 
purchased  by  the  growth  of  our  own  Country ;  and 
the  Linnen-Yarn  being  spun  by  our  own  Families, 
of  Flax,  of  our  own  growth  and  ordering. 

The  Tanning-Trside  and  Shoemaking  maybe  here 
mannaged  to  good  advantage,  Hides  being  plenty, 
and  to  be  had  at  moderate  Prices,  and  Bark  to  be 
had  for  only  the  charge  in  getting  it. 

*"  According  to  the  statement  of  William  Harris,  of  Rhode  Island, 
in  1675,  respectable  authority  preser^'^ed  in  the  British  Colonial  State 
Papers,  the  New  Englanders  exported  wool  to  France  for  linen,  and 
to  Spain  or  Portugal  for  wines,  etc."  —  William  B.  Weeden's 
"  Economic  and  Social  History  of  New  England,"  vol.  i,  p.  305. 

t  Barbados  was  the  first  of  the  English  colonies  in  the  West  Indies, 
and  cotton  was  exported  to  England  from  the  island  almost  from  its 
settlement.  During  the  infancy  of  the  trade  English  spinners 
received  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  cotton  consumed  from  the 
West  Indies,  and  the  remainder  from  the  Levant.  In  what  is  now 
the  United  States  cotton  was  little  more  than  a  garden  plant  until 
after  the  Revolution. 

—  40  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

A  Skinney  that  can  dress  Skins  in  Oyl,  may  do 
very  well ;  for  we  have  Elk  skins,  and  plenty  of 
Buck  and  Doe  skins,  which  the  Inhabitants  give 
(at  New  York,  where  there  are  such  Trades)  one 
half  for  dressing  the  other. 

There  ought  to  be  puhlick  Store-Houses  provided 
for  all  Persons  to  bring  their  Flax,  Hemp  and 
Linnen  Cloth  to,  where  it  may  be  preserved  clean 
and  dry  at  a  very  small  Charge,  and  the  owner  at 
liberty  to  take  it  out  at  his  own  will  and  pleasure, 
or  to  sell,  transfer  or  assign  it  to  any  other.  Now 
the  Hemp,  Flax  and  Linnen  Cloth  being  brought 
into  the  publick  Store-House,  and  the  Quantity, 
Quality  and  Value  of  it  there  registred  in  the 
Book,  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose ;  and  the  Person 
that  hath  put  in  the  said  Hemp,  Flax  and  Linnen 
Cloth,  taking  a  Note  under  the  Hand  and  Seal, 
from  the  Store-house  Register,  of  the  quantity, 
quality  and  value  of  the  Hemp  Flax,  and  Linnen 
Cloth  brought  into  the  publick  Store- House,  with 
the  time  it  was  delivered ;  these  Notes  will  pass 
from  one  man  to  another  all  one  as  Money:  As 
for  Example,  Suppose  I  am  a  Merchant,  that  am 
furnished  with  divers  sorts  of  goods,  I  sell  them 
to  a  Planter,  and  receive  their  Notes  which  they 
had  from  the  Store-house  Registry,  in  pay  for  my 
goods,  to  the  value  of  one  hundred  Pounds.  I 
buy  of  the  Clothier  in  Woolen  Cloth  to  the  value 
of  sixty  pounds,  and  of  the  Roper  in  Cordage  to 

—  41  — 


B    U  D   D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

the  value  of  forty  pounds ;  1  pay  them  by  these 
Notes  on  the  Store-house;  the  Clother  he  buys 
Woolen  Yarn  of  the  Master  of  the  Spinning- 
School,  to  the  value  of  sixty  pounds,  and  payes 
him  by  these  Notes  on  the  publick  Store ;  the  Mas- 
ter of  the  Spinning-School  buys  of  the  Farmer  in 
Wool  to  the  value  of  sixty  pounds,  and  pays  him 
by  these  Notes;  the  Farmer  buyeth  of  the  Mer- 
chant in  Goods  to  the  value  of  sixty  pounds,  and 
pays  him  by  these  Notes ;  the  Merchant  receiveth 
on  demand,  from  the  publick  Store,  in  Linnen 
Cloth  to  the  value  of  sixty  pound,  at  receiving 
thereof  he  delivereth  up  the  Notes  to  the  Register 
of  the  publick  Store,  which  are  cancelled,  and  then 
filed  up  as  Waste  paper.  The  Roper,  when  he 
pleaseth,  receives  on  demand,  in  Hemp  to  the 
value  of  forty  pounds  out  of  the  publick  Store,  by 
which  he  is  made  capable  of  im ploying  his 
Servants  in  making  of  Cordage ;  but  he  that  hath 
no  occasion  to  take  out  this  Hemp  or  Flax,  or 
Linnen  Cloth,  may  pass  these  Notes  from  one 
man  to  another,  as  often  [as]  they  please,  which  is 
all  one  as  ready  Money  at  all  times. 

Were  the  Flax  and  Hemp  Manuf actuaries  car- 
ried on  to  that  height  as  it  might  be,  it  would 
greatly  advance  these  Countries ;  for  did  we  make 
our  own  Sail-cloth  and  Cordage,  we  could  make 
Ships,  Sloops  and  Boats  at  much  easier  Rates  than 
they  can  build  for  in  England,  the  Timber  costing 

—  42  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

us  nothing  but  Labour.  And  were  more  Saw- 
Mills  *  made  (of  which  there  are  divers  already) 
to  cut  Planks  and  other  Timber,  both  Ships  and 
Houses  might  be  built  at  easie  Rates. 

Many  Ship  Loads  of  Hemp  is  brought  yearly 
from  the  East  Countries  to  England,  which  is 
afterward  there  made  into  Cordage,  Twine,  Sack- 
ing, Fishing-Nets  &c.  and  then  transported  from 
thence  to  Jamaica,  Barhadoes,  Virginia,  New-Eng- 
land, and  other  parts  of  America,  so  that  doubtless 
materials  made  of  Hemp,  must  be  sold  in  America 
by  the  Retailer,  at  double  the  price  as  it  cost 
where  it  grew ;  by  which  it  appears  that  at  those 
prices  we  should  have  double  for  our  labour,  to 
what  they  have,  and  our  Provisions  as  Cheap  as 
theirs,  it  being  raised  on  Land  that  cost  us  little. 

1.  Now  It  might  be  well  if  a  Law  were  made 
by  the  Governours  and  general  Assemblies  of 
Pennsilvania  and  New-Jersey,  that  all  Persons 
inhabiting  in  the  said  Provinces,  do  put  their 
Children  seven  years  to  the  publick  School,!  or 
longer,  if  the  Parents  please. 

*"  In  1634  a  saw  mill  was  put  in  operation  at  the  falls  of  the  Pis- 
cataqua,  between  Berwick  and  the  Cocheco  branch  of  that  river,  and 
this  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  first  mill  of  the  kind  in  New  Eng- 
land. In  New  Vork  as  many  as  three  mills  were  constructed  by  the 
Dutch  West  India  company  about  1633,  to  run  by  water  power  or  by 
wind.  .  .  .  On  the  Delaware  saw  mills  were  erected  by  the 
Dutch  and  Swedes  before  the  arrival  of  Penn. "  — "  American  Cyclo- 
paedia." It  is  believed  that  the  first  saw -mill  in  England  was  not 
erected  until  1767. 

f  Budd's  later  associate  in  religious  contention,  George  Keith,  went 

—  43  — 


B    U  D   D   '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

2.  That  Schools  be  provided  in  all  Towns  and 
Cities,  and  persons  of  known  honesty,  skill  and 
understanding  be  yearly  chosen  by  the  Governour 
and  General  Assembly,  to  teach  and  instruct  Boys 
and  Girls  in  all  the  most  useful  Arts  and  Sciences 
that  they  in  their  youthful  capacities  may  be 
capable  to  understand,  as  the  learning  to  Bead 
and  Write  true  English^  Latine,  and  other  useful 
Speeches  and  Languages,  and/a/r  Writing,  Arith- 
matick  and  Book-keeping ;  and  the  Boys  to  be 
taught  and  instructed  in  some  Mystery  or  Trade, 
as  the  making  of  Mathematical  Instruments,  Joynery, 
Turnery,  the  making  of  Clocks  and  Watches,  Weav- 
ing, Shoe-making,  or  any  other  useful  Trade  or 
Mystery  that  the  School  is  capable  of  teaching; 
and  the  Girls  to  be  taught  and  instructed  in  S2nn- 
ning  of  Flax  and  Wool,  and  Knitting  of  Gloves  and 
Stockings,  Sewing,  and  making  of  all  sorts  of  use- 
ful Needle-Work,  and  the  making  of  Straw-Work, 
as  Hats,  Baskets,  &c.  or  any  other  useful  Art  or 
Mystery  that  the  School  is  capable  of  teaching. 

3.  That  the  Scholars  be  kept  in  the  Morning 
two  hours  at  Reading,  Writing,  Book-keeping,  &c. 
and  other  two  hours  at  work  in  that  Art,  Mystery 
or  Trade  that  he  or  she  most  delighteth  in,  and 

from  New  Jersey  to  Philadelphia  in  1689  to  become  the  master  of  a 
Quaker  school.  Reviewing  James  P.  Wickersham's  "  History  of 
Education  in  Pennsylvania,"  the  Pennsylvania  Magazine,  vol.  10, 
p.  357,  says:  "It  is  also  interesting  to  see  how  clearly  our  present 
public  school  system  was  foreshadowed  by  Thomas  Budd. ' ' 

—  44  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

then  let  them  have  two  hours  to  dine,  and  for 
Recreation;  and  in  the  afternoon  two  hours  at 
Reading,  Writing,  &c.  and  the  other  two  hours  at 
work  at  their  several  Imployments. 

4.  The  seventh  day  ot  the  Week  the  Scholars 
may  come  to  school  only  in  the  fore-noon,  and  at 
a  certain  hour  in  the  afternoon  let  a  Meeting  be 
kept  by  the  School-masters  and  their  Scholars, 
where  after  good  instruction  and  admonition  is 
given  by  the  Masters,  to  the  Scholars  and  thanks 
returned  to  the  Lord  for  his  Mercies  and  Blessings 
that  are  daily  received  from  him,  then  let  a  strict 
examination  be  made  by  the  Masters,  of  the  Con- 
versation of  the  Scholars  in  the  week  past,  and 
let  reproof,  admonition  and  correction  be  given 
to  the  Off endors,  according  to  the  quantity  and 
quality  of  their  faults. 

5.  Let  the  like  Meetings  be  kept  by  the  School- 
Mistrisses,  and  the  Girls  apart  from  the  Boys. 
By  strictly  observing  this  good  Order,  our  Chil- 
dren will  be  hindred  of  running  into  that  Excess 
of  Riot  and  Wickedness  that  youth  is  incident  to, 
and  they  will  be  a  comfort  to  their  tender  Parents. 

6.  Let  one  thousand  Acres  of  Land  be  given 
and  laid  out  in  a  good  place,  to  every  publick 
School  that  shall  be  set  up,  and  the  Rent  or 
incom  of  it  to  go  towards  the  defraying  of  the 
charge  of  the  School. 

7.  And  to  the  end  that  the  Children  of  poor 

—  45  — 


B    U  D   D   '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

People,  and  the  Children  of  Indians  may  have  the 
like  good  Learning  with  the  Children  of  Rich 
People,  let  them  be  maintained  free  of  charge  to 
their  Parents,  out  of  the  Profits  of  the  school, 
arising  by  the  Work  of  the  Scholars,  by  which  the 
Poor  and  the  Indians,  as  well  as  the  Rich,  will 
have  their  Children  taught,  and  the  Remainder  of 
the  Profits,  if  any  be,  to  be  disposed  of  in  the 
building  of  School-houses,  and  Improvements  on 
the  thousand  Acres  of  Land,  which  belongs  to  the 
School. 

The  manner  and  Profits  of  a  Spijining- School  in 
Germany,  as  it  is  laid  down  by  Andrew  Yarenton  in 
his  own  words,  in  a  Book  of  his,  call'd,  England's 
Improvements  by  Sea  and  Land,  take  as  foUoweth. 

'In  Germany,  where  the  Thred  is  made  that 
'  makes  the  fine  Linnens,  in  all  Towns  there  are 
'  Schools  for  little  Girls,  six  years  old,  and  up- 
'wards,  to  teach  them  to  spin,  and  so  to  bring 
'  their  tender  fingers  by  degrees  to  spin  very  fine ; 
'  their  Wheels  go  all  by  the  Foot,  made  to  go  with 
'  much  ease,  whereby  the  action  or  motion  is  very 
'  easie  and  delightful :  The  way,  method,  rule  and 
'order  how  they  are  govern' d  is,  1st.  There  is  a 
'  large  Room,  and  in  the  middle  thereof  a  little 
'  Box  like  a  Pulpit:  2dly,  There  are  Benches  built 
'round  about  the  Room,  as  they  are  in  Play- 
'  houses,  upon  the  benches  sit  about  two  hundred 
'  Children  spinning,  and  in  the  box  in  the  middle 

-46- 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

'  of  the  Room,  sits  the  grand  Mistress  with  a  long 
'  white  W  and  in  her  hand ;  if  she  observe  any  of 
'  them  idle,  she  reaches  them  a  tap,  but  if  that 
'  will  not  do,  she  rings  a  bell,  which  by  a  little 
'  Cord  is  fixed  to  the  box,  and  out  comes  a  Woman, 
'  she  then  points  to  the  Offendor,  and  she  is  taken 
'  away  into  another  Room  and  chastized ;  and  all 
'this  is  done  without  one  word  speaking:  In  a 
'  little  Room  by  the  School  there  is  a  Woman  that 
'is  preparing,  and  putting  Flax  on  the  Distaffs, 
'  and  upon  the  ringing  of  a  Bell,  and  pointing  the 
'  Rod  at  the  Maid  that  hath  spun  off  her  Flax,  she 
'  hath  another  Distaff  given  her,  and  her  Spool  of 
'  Thred  taken  from  her,  and  put  into  a  box  unto 
'  others  of  the  same  size,  to  make  Cloth,  all  being 
'  of  equal  Threds.  1st.  They  raise  their  Children, 
'as  they  spin  finer,  to  the  higher  Benches:  2. 
'  They  sort  and  size  all  the  Threds,  so  that  they 
'can  apply  them  to  make  equal  Cloths;  and  after 
'a  young  Maid  hath  been  three  years  in  the 
'  Spinning -School,  that  is  taken  in  at  six,  and  then 
'continues  until  nine  years,  she  will  get  eight 
'  pence  the  day,  and  in  these  parts  1  speak  of,  a 
'  man  that  has  most  Children,  lives  best. 

Now  were  Spinning- Schools  settled  in  the  prin- 
cipal Cities  and  Towns  in  Pennsy[l]vania  and  New- 
Jersey,  and  a  Law  made  to  oblige  the  Parents  of 
Children,  to  put  their  Children  to  School,  we 
should  then  soon  come  into  such  a  way  of  making 

—  47  — 


B    U  D   D   '    S       PENNSYLVANIA 

Linnen-Cloth,  as  that  we  should  not  only  have 
sufficient  fo[r]  our  own  supply,  but  also  should 
have  quantities  to  sell  to  the  Inhabitants  of  our 
own  neighbouring  Provinces,  where  it  will  sell  at 
considerable  Prices,  they  being  usually  supplied 
from  England,  where  it  must  be  dear,  after  Freight, 
Custom,  and  other  charges  at  Importation,  with 
the  Merchants  profit  considered ;  and  yet  never- 
theless this  Cloth,  thus  dear  bought  will  sell  in 
New-England,  Virginia,  and  some  other  places  in 
America,  at  thirty  Pound  ^er  cent  profit,  above  the 
first  cost  in  England,  and  the  Moneys  paid  by  Bills 
of  Exchange,  and  the  Retailer  makes  commonly 
on  Goods  thus  bought  not  less  than  twenty  Pounds 
per  Cent,  profit :  So  that  if  all  things  be  considered, 
the  Cloth  is  sold  in  America,  to  the  Planter  at  full 
double  the  price  as  it  cost  from  the  maker  in 
France  or  Germany,  from  whence  its  brought  to 
England,  by  which  it  doth  appear,  that  if  we  do 
get  such  Prices  for  the  Cloth  that  we  make,  then 
we  shall  have  double  for  our  Labour  to  what  they 
have ;  therefore  it  may  be  well  that  a  Law  were 
made  for  the  encouragement  of  the  Linnen  Manu- 
facture by  the  Governours  and  General  Assemblies, 
that  all  Persons  inhabiting  in  Pennsylvania,  or 
New-Jersey,  that  keep  a  Plow,  do  sow  one  Acre  of 
Flax,  and  two  Acres  of  Hemp,  which  would  be  a 
means  of  supplying  us  with  Flax  and  Hemp,  to 
carry  on  the  Manufactaries  of  Linnen-Cloth  and 

—  48  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

Cordage ;  and  also  would  be  very  profitable  to  the 
Planter,  by  im ploying  his  Family  in  the  Winter 
season,  when  they  would  have  otherwise  but  little 
else  to  do,  viz.  the  Men  and  Boys  in  Breaking  and 
Dressing  of  it,  and  making  it  fit  for  use,  and  the 
Women  and  Girls  in  Spinning  it,  and  nevertheless 
they  may  carry  on  their  Husbandry  as  largely,  as 
if  nothing  of  this  was  done;  the  Husbandry- 
Affairs  being  chiefly  betwixt  the  Spring  and  Fall. 
Now  to  that  end  that  a  Bank  of  Monies  and 
Credit  may  be  in  Pennsilvania  and  New-Jersey^  a 
Law  may  be  made,  that  all  Monies  lent  on  Inter- 
est be  at  8  /.  i^er  Cent,  by  the  year,  and  that  all 
Bills  and  Bonds  be  entred  on  the  publick  Registry, 
and  by  Act  of  Assembly  be  made  transferable  by 
Assignments,  so  as  the  Property  may  go  along 
with  the  Assignment;  thereby  a  Bond  or  Bill  will 
go  in  the  Nature  of  BiUs  of  Exchange  ;  and  so  A. 
owing  200  /.  to  B.  he  assigns  him  the  Bond  of  C. 
who  owed  him  200  /.  and  C.  owing  D.  200  /.  assigns 
him  the  Bond  of  E.  who  owed  him  200  /.  and  so 
one  Bond  or  Bill  would  go  through  twenty  hands, 
and  thereby  be  as  ready  Monies,  and  do  much  to 
the  Benefit  of  Trade.  Also,  that  all  Lands  and 
Houses  be  put  under  a  publick  Registry,  and 
entred  in  the  Book,  with  an  account  of  the  value 
of  them,  and  how  occupied  and  tenanted,  a  par- 
ticular thereof  being  given  under  the  Hand  and 
Seal  of  the  Office  to  the  Owners.     We  having 

—  49  — 


B    U  D   D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

thus  fitted  our  selves  with  a  publick  Eegistry  of 
all  our  Lands  and  Houses,  whereby  it  is  made 
ready  Money  at  all  times,  without  the  charge  of 
Law,  or  the  necessity  of  a  Lawyer;  and  a  Law 
being  made  for  the  payment  of  such  large  Interest 
for  Monies  lent,  and  the  security  being  so  un- 
deniably good,  a  Bank  will  in  time  arise,  and 
such  a  Bank  as  will  be  for  the  Benefit  and  advan- 
tage of  Pennsilvania  and  Neiv-Jersey^  and  Trade 
universal. 

Suppose  my  self,  and  some  others  have  in  Houses 
and  Lands  in  Pennsilvania  or  Neiv-Jersey,  worth 
3000  /.  and  are  minded  to  mannage  and  carry  on 
the  Linnen  Manufacture,  but  cannot  do  it,  with- 
out borrowing  on  Interest  2000 1,  therefore  we  come 
to  the  Bank  in  Pennsilvania  or  New-Jersey,  and 
there  tender  a  particular  of  our  Lands  and  Houses, 
and  how  occupied  or  tennanted,  being  worth 
3000  /.  in  Pennsilvania  or  New-Jersey,  and  desire 
them  to  lend  us  2000  /.  and  we  will  Mortgage  our 
Land  &  Houses  for  it;  the  answer  will  be.  We 
will  send  to  the  Register'' s  Office  your  particular,  and 
at  the  return  of  the  Messenger  you  shall  have  your 
answer :  The  Registers  send  answer,  it  is  our 
Lands  and  Houses,  and  occupied,  and  tenanted, 
and  valued  according  to  the  particular,  there 
needs  no  more  words  but  to  tell  us  the  Money, 
with  which  we  carry  on  the  Trade  briskly,  to  the 
great  benefit  and  advantage  of  some  hundreds  of 

—  50  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

People  that  we  set  to  work,  and  to  the  supplying 
of  the  Inhabitants  with  Cloth  made  of  Flax, 
grown,  drest,  spun  and  wove  in  our  own  Prov- 
inces; which  Trade  we  could  not  mannage  and 
carry  on  without  this  credit,  but  having  this 
credit,  we  go  on  with  our  Trade  comfortably,  and 
the  Lender  will  have  his  ends  answered,  and  his 
Moneys  well  secured.  And  its  certain,  such  an 
Anchorage,  Fund,  and  Foundation,  will  then 
bring  out  the  Monyes  unimployed  from  all  Persons 
in  these  Provinces,  even  People  of  all  degrees  will 
put  in  their  Monyes,  which  will  be  put  out  again 
into  Trade  to  Merchants,  and  such  as  stand  in 
need  of  ready  Monyes ;  and  thereby  Trade  is  made 
easie,  and  much  convenienced. 

Suppose  ten  Families  purchase  in  Pennsilvania 
or  New-Jersey  five  thousand  Acres  of  Land,  and 
they  lay  out  a  small  Township  in  the  middle  of 
it,  for  the  conveniency  of  neighbourhood,  to  each 
Family  one  hundred  Acres  for  Houses,  Gardens, 
Orchards,  Corn-fields  and  Pastures  of  English 
Grass,  the  remainder  to  lie  in  common,  to  feed 
their  Cattel ;  and  suppose  that  by  that  time  they 
have  built  their  dwelling  Houses,  Cow-houses, 
Barns,  and  other  Out-houses,  and  have  made 
Inclosures  about  their  home  lots,  that  their 
Monyes  is  all  expended,  and  without  a  further 
supply  to  buy  Oxen  and  Horses  to  plow  their 
Land,  and  Cows  to  find  their  Families  in  Milk, 


B    U  D   D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

Butter  and  Cheese,  and  Sows  to  breed  a  stock  on, 
they  will  live  but  meanly  for  some  time,  therefore 
to  amend  their  condition  they  come  to  the  Bank, 
and  there  tender  a  particular  of  their  Lands, 
valued  to  be  worth  1500  /.  on  which  they  desire 
to  take  up  1000  /.  to  purchase  a  Stock  of  Oxen, 
Horses,  Cows,  Sows,  Sheep  and  Servants,  by 
which  they  will  be  enabled  to  carry  on  their  Hus- 
bandry to  great  advantage,  and  the  benefit  of  the 
Province  in  general ;  and  it  may  be  that  in  two 
or  three  years  time,  they  may  be  able  to  pay  in 
this  Money,  with  Interest,  to  the  owner;  and  in 
two  or  three  years  more  may  be  able  to  bring  into 
the  Bank,  to  be  lent  out  to  others,  one  thousand 
pounds  of  their  own  Estates. 

As  to  the  benefit  of  publtcF?  (Bratiarlce  on 
Delaware  River,  to  keep  the  Com  for  all  Mer- 
chants, Bakers  and  Farmers  that  please  to  send  it 
thither,  that  so  the  destruction  and  damages  occa- 
sioned by  Rats  and  Mice,  may  be  prevented.  In 
this  Granary,  Corn  at  all  times  may  be  taken  in, 
from  all  Persons  that  please  to  send  it,  and  the 
Com  so  sent  may  be  preserved  sweet,  safe,  and  in 
good  Order,  at  a  small  charge  for  a  whole  year, 
and  the  owner  at  liberty  to  take  it  out  at  his  own 
will  and  pleasure,  or  to  sell,  transfer  or  assign  any 
part  of  the  said  Corn  to  any  Person  or  Persons 
for  the  payment  of  his  Debts,  or  to  furnish  him- 
self with  Clothing,  or  other  Necessaries  from  the 

—  52  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

Merchant ;  and  the  Granary-keepers  to  give  good 
security  that  all  things  should  be  faithfully  done 
&  discharged.  Now  the  Com  being  brought  into 
the  publick  Granary,  and  there  registred  in  the 
Register-Book,  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose;  and 
the  Person  that  hath  put  in  said  Corn,  taking  a 
Note  under  hand  and  seal,  from  the  Granary- 
Register,  of  the  quantity  of  Corn  brought  into  the 
Granary,  with  the  time  it  was  delivered,  and  the 
matter  and  kind  of  the  Corn,  then  these  Advan- 
tages will  ensue : 

First,  Preservation  from  the  Rats  and  Mice, 
Straw  to  supply  his  Cattel,  the  Chaff  for  his 
Horses,  and  the  light  Corn  to  feed  his  Pigs  and 
Poultry;  his  Husbandry  mannaged  with  rule  and 
order  to  his  advantage;  no  forc'd  haste,  but 
thrashing  and  carrying  the  Corn  to  the  Granary 
in  times  wherein  his  servants  have  leisure ;  so  in 
seeding  time  &  harvest  all  People  are  freed  from 
that.  Besides,  there  being  at  all  times  sufficient 
quantities  of  Corn  in  the  Granaries  to  load  Ships, 
Merchants  from  Barhadoes,  and  other  places,  will 
come  to  buy  Corn ;  of  one  Farmer  he  may  buy  one 
hundred  Bushels,  of  another  fifty,  and  so  he  may 
buy  the  Corn  that  belongs  to  sixty  or  eighty  Far- 
mers, and  receive  their  Notes  which  they  had 
from  the  Granary-Office,  which  Corn  he  letteth  lie 
in  the  Granary  until  he  have  occasion  to  use  it, 
then  he  orders  his  Baker  to  go  with  those  notes 

.    —53  — 


B   U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

to  the  Granary-Office,  and  receive  such  quantities 
as  he  hath  a  mind  shall  be  made  into  Flower  and 
Bisket,  which  the  Baker  does  accordingly,  and 
gets  it  packt  up  in  Casks,  and  sent  to  Barbadoes  ; 
the  remainder,  if  he  please,  he  may  sell  to  some 
other  Merchant  that  lives  at  Barbadoes,  or  some 
other  place,  and  when  sold,  may  deliver  the  said 
Merchant  the  Notes  on  the  Granary-Office,  at 
sight  whereof  they  may  receive  their  Corn,  if  they 
please,  or  they  may  pass  those  Notes  from  one  to 
another,  as  often  as  they  please,  which  is  all  one 
as  Money,  the  Corn  being  lodged  safe,  and  kept 
in  the  publick  Granary,  will  be  the  occasion  of 
imploying  much  of  the  Cash  of  Pennsilvania  and 
New- Jersey  ;  most  People  near  these  publick  Bank- 
Granaries,  will  be  dealing  to  have  some  Corn  in 
Bank-Credit;  for  that  cannot  miss  of  finding  an 
encrease  and  benefit  to  them  in  the  rise  of  Corn. 
The  best  places  at  present  for  the  building  of 
Granaries,  are,  I  suppose,  Burlington  in  West-Jersey, 
Philadelphia  and  New-Castle  in  Pennsilvania,  and 
New  Perth  in  East-Jersey,  which  places  are  excel- 
lently situated,  there  being  many  Navigable 
Rivers,  whereby  Trade  is  very  communicable,  and 
the  Corn  may  be  brought  in  Boats  and  Sloops 
from  most  places  now  inhabited,  by  water  to  these 
publick  Granaries,  for  small  charge,  and  from  the 
Granaries  may  be  carried  to  Water-Mills  to  grind, 
which  are  some  of  them  so  conveniently  situated, 

—  54  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

that  Boats  may  come  to  the  Mill-Tayl,  which  is 
also  a  great  conveniency  to  those  that  trade  much 
in  Com. 

Now  I  will  demonstrate,  and  shew  you  the 
length,  breadth  and  heighth  the  Granaries  ought 
to  be  of,  to  hold  this  Corn ;  as  also  the  Charge  of 
building  one  of  them,  and  the  way  how  it  should 
be  built  for  the  best  advantage,  with  the  way  of 
ordering  and  managing  the  Corn,  that  it  may 
keep  good,  sweet  and  clean,  eight  or  ten  years. 
The  Granaries  must  be  three  hundred  Foot  long, 
eighteen  Foot  wide  betwixt  inside  and  inside, 
seven  Stories  high,  each  Story  seven  Foot  high, 
all  to  be  built  of  good  well  burnt  Brick,  and  laid 
in  Lime  and  Sand  very  well;  the  ends  of  the 
Granaries  must  be  set  North  and  South,  so  the 
sides  will  be  East  and  West ;  and  in  the  sides  of 
the  Granaries,  there  must  be  large  Windows  to 
open  and  shut  close,  that  when  the  Wind  blows 
at  West,  the  Windows  may  be  laid  open,  and  then 
the  Granary  man  will  be  turning  and  winding 
the  Corn,  and  all  Filth  and  Dross  will  be  blown 
out  at  the  Window.  When  the  Weather  is  fair, 
then  throw  open  the  Windows,  to  let  in  the  Air 
to  the  Corn;  and  in  the  middle,  there  must  be 
Stoves  to  be  kept  with  Fire  in  them  in  all  moist 
or  wet  times,  or  at  going  away  of  great  Frosts  and 
Snow,  to  prevent  moistness  either  in  the  Brick- 
walls,  Timber,  Boards  or  Corn.     There  must  be  in 

—  55  — 


B    U  D  D   '  S       PENNSYLVANIA 

each  side  of  the  Granaries,  three  or  four  long 
Troughs  or  Spouts  fixt  in  the  uppermost  Loft, 
which  must  run  about  twenty  Foot  out  of  the 
Granary ;  and  in  fine  Weather,  the  Granary  men 
must  be  throwing  the  Com  out  of  the  uppermost 
Loft,  and  so  it  will  fall  into  another  Spout  made 
ten  Foot  wide  at  the  top,  and  through  that  Spout 
the  Corn  descends  into  the  lowermost  Loft,  and 
then  wound  up  on  the  inside  of  the  Granary,  by 
a  Crane  fixt  for  that  purpose,  and  the  Com  receiv- 
ing the  benefit  of  the  Air,  falling  down  thirty 
Foot  before  it  comes  into  the  second  Spout,  cleans- 
eth  it  from  its  filth  and  Chaff;  these  Spouts  are 
to  be  taken  off  and  on,  as  occasion  requires,  and 
to  be  fixt  to  another  of  the  Lofts,  that  when  Ves- 
sels come  to  load  Corn,  they  may  through  these 
Spouts  convey  the  Com  into  the  Boats  or  Sloops, 
without  any  thing  of  Labour,  by  carrying  it  on 
the  Backs  of  men. 

The  charge  of  one  Granary  three  Hundred  Foot 
long,  eighteen  Foot  wide,  seven  Stories  high, 
seven  Foot  betwixt  each  Story,  being  built  with 
Brick  in  England,  as  by  the  Account  of  Andrew 
Yarenton,  take  as  f olloweth ;  Six  hundred  thousand 
of  Bricks  builds  a  Granary,  two  Bricks  and  a  half 
thick  the  two  first  Stories,  two  Bricks  thick  the  three 
next  Stories,  Brick  and  a  half  thick  the  two  upper- 
most Stories ;  and  the  Brick  will  be  made  and 
delivered  on  the  Place  for  eight  Shillings  the  Thou- 

-56- 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

sand,  the  laying  of  Brick  three  Shillings  the  Thou- 
sand, Lime  and  Sand  two  Shillings  the  Thousand; 
so  Brick-laying,  Lime  and  Sand  ivill  he  thirteen  Shil- 
lings the  Thousand,  one  hundred  and  fifty  Tuns  of 
Oak  for  Summers-Joists  and  Roof,  170  1.  Boards  for 
the  six  Stories,  sixty  thousand  Foot,  at  13s.  4d.  The 
one  hundred  Foot  and  ten  thousand  Foot  for  Window- 
Doors  and  Spouts  at  the  same  rate,  48  1.  Laths  and 
Tiles  100  1.  Carpenters  work  70 1.  Lvn,  Nails  and 
odd  things  60  1.  So  the  charge  of  a  Granary  will 
be  800  1.  There  tvill  he  kept  in  this  Granary  four- 
teen thousand  Quarters  of  Corn,  which  is  two  thousand 
Quarters  in  every  Loft,  which  will  he  a  thousand 
Bushels  in  every  Bay ;  six  labouring  men,  ivith  one 
Clerk,  will  be  sufficient  to  manage  this  Granary,  to 
turn  and  wind  the  Corn,  and  keep  the  Books  of 
Accounts ;  fifteen  pounds  a  piece  allowed  to  the  six 
men,  and  thirty  pound  a  year  to  the  Clark  and  Begis- 
ter,  will  be  Wages  sufficient ;  so  the  Servants  Wages 
will  be  120  1.  per  annum,  alloiv  ten  in  the  hundred 
for  Monies  laid  out  for  building  the  Granaries,  which 
is  80  1.  so  the  charge  will  be  yearly  200  1.  Now  if  the 
Country -man  pay  sixpence  a  Quarter  yearly  for  keep- 
ing his  Corn  safe  and  sweet  in  the  Granary,  fourteen 
thousand  Quarters  tvill  come  to  350  1.  for  Granary- 
Rent  yearly. 

Admit  I  have  a  Propriety  of  Land  in  Pennsilva- 
nia  or  New-Jersey,  either  place  then  alloweth  me 
to  take  up  five  thousand  Acres,  with  Town  or  City- 

—  57  — 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 


I.   s.   d. 

05  00  00 

25  00  00 

^      05  00  00 


Lots,  upon  condition  that  I  settle  ten  Families  on 
it,  therefore  I  send  over  ten  Families  of  honest 
industrious  People,  the  charge  of  each  Family  is 
100  /.  as  by  the  account  of  particulars  appears,  as 
foUoweth. 


For  one  hundred  Acres  of  Land    - 

For  the  Passage  of  the  Family, 
five  persons, 

For  fresh  provisions  to  use  on  Ship- 
board, over  and  above  the  Ships 
allowance,  as  Rice,  Oatmeal,  Flower, 
Butter,  Sugar,  Brandy,  and  some  odd 
things  more,  which  I  leave  to  the 
discretion  of  those  that  go. 

For  3  hundred  weight  of  six  penny, 
eight  penny  and  ten  penny  Nails,  to 
be  used  on  sides  and  Roof  of  the 
House, 

For  a  Share  and  Coulter,  a  Plow- 
Chain,  2  Sythes,  4  Sickles,  a  horse 
Collar,  some  Cordage  for  Harness,  2 
Stock  Locks,  2  weeding  Hoes,  2 
grubbing  Hoes,  one  cross-cut  Saw, 
2  Iron  Wedges,  1  Iron  Pot,  1  frying 
Pan,  2  falling  Axes,  1  broad  Ax,  1 
Spade,  1  Hatchet,  1  Fro  to  cleave 
Clapboard,  Shingle  and  Coopers 
Timber, 

-58- 


05  00  00 


05  00  00 


AND        NEW       JERSEY 

For   Portridge,   Custom-house 
charge   and    fraight,    &c.    on    the  )-     02  00  00 
goods, 

For  Insurance  of  the  one  hundred 
pound         


\      03  00  00 


In  aU  .        -        50  00  00 

The  remaining  fifty  Pounds  may  do  well  to  lay 
out  in  these  goods,  which  are  the  most  vendable 
in  the  Country,  viz. 

I.   s.  d. 

Ten  pieces  of  Serge,  at  -        -        -  20  00  00 

Six  pieces  of  narrow  blew  Linnen,  j 
containing     about     two     hundred  V     05  00  00 
Yards, j 

200  Ells  of  brown  Ossembrigs,  at  ) 
about J 

Half  a  piece    of   three    quarters 
Dowlis, 

Three  pieces  of  coulered  Linnen   -         02  10  00 

Two  pieces  of  Yorkshire  Kerseys,  04  00  00 

One  piece  ot  red  Peniston,  above 
40  yards,  at  18  d,  per  Yard, 

One  piece  of  Demity,      -        -        -         00  15  00 

In  Buttons  and  Silk,   Tape  and 


I      03  10  00 


I      03  00  00 


Thred  suitable  to  the  Clothes, 


In  All       '        .        50  00  00 
—  59  — 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 


And  when  you  come  into  the  Country,  you  may 
lay  out  the  above-mentioned  goods  to  purchase  a 
stock  of  Cattel  and  Provisions,  &c.  which  for 
goods  at  the  first  cost  in  England,  will  buy  at  the 
prices  under- mentioned,  viz. 


One  pair  of  working  Oxen,  at 

One  Mare  3  /.  and  four  Cows  and 
Calves,  12  /. 

One  Bull  2  /.  ten  Ewes  3  /.  10  s.     - 

Four  breeding  Sows,  and  one 
Boor, 

One  fat  Ox  to  kill  for  winter  Pro- 
visions,         

400  pound  of  Pork,  at  3  half  pence 
per  pound, 

24  pound  of  Butter,  at  4  d.  per 
pound, 

One  Barrel  of  salted  Fish, 

One  Barrel  of  Malassas  to  make 
Beer, 

40  Bushels  of  Indian  Corn,  at  1  s. 
8  d.  per  Bushel, 

20  Bushels  of  Rye,  at  2  s.  per 
Bushel, 

20  Bushels  of  Wheat,  at  3  s.  per 
Bushel, 

6  Bushels  of  Pease  and  Indian 
Beans,  [at  3  s.]  per  Bushel, 

—  6o— 


I.   s.   d. 

06  00  00 

1   15  00  00 

05  10  00 

1   04  00  00 

1   03  10  00 

1   02  10  00 

[   00  08  00 

00  10  00 

1   01  08  00 

[   03  06  08 

1   02  00  00 

1   03  00  00 

1   00  18  00 

N     D         NEWJERSE 


2  Bushels  of  Salt,  at  2  .9.  per  Bushel  00  04  00 

50  pound  of  Cheese  of  the  Coun- 
try-making, at  3  d.  per  poimd,    • 


00  12  06 


12  pound  of  Candles,   at  5  d.  per  ) 


00  05  00 


pound, 

In  Sugar,  Spice,  and  other  things,  00  17  10 


In  All  -  '  50  00  00 
Note,  That  the  above-mentioned  Prices  is  for 
goods  at  first  cost  in  England,  which  in  Country 
Money  would  be  something  above  one  third 
higher,  viz.  a  Cow  and  Calf  valued  in  goods  at 
first  cost  at  3^  /.  is  worth  in  Country  Money  5  /. 
and  other  things  advance  much  after  the  same 
proportion. 

My  five  thousand  Acres  of  Land  cost  me  100  /. 
I  had  of  the  ten  Families  for  the  one  thousand 
Acres  disposed  of  to  them  50  /.  my  Town  or  City 
Lots  will  yield  me  currant  50  /.  by  which  it  appears 
I  am  nothing  out  on  the  four  thousand  Acres  that 
is  left. 

I  get  my  five  thousand  Acres  surveyed  and  laid 
out  to  me,  out  of  which  I  lay  out  for  the  ten  Fami- 
lies one  thousand  Acres,  which  may  be  so  divided, 
as  that  each  family  may  live  near  one  to  the 
other ;  I  indent  with  them  to  let  the  Money  lie  in 
their  hands  six  years,  for  which  they  to  pay  me 
each  family,  8  /.  a  year,  in  consideration  of  the 

—  61  — 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

one  hundred  pound  a  family  laid  out  for  them, 
and  at  the  expiration  of  the  six  years,  they  to  pay 
me  my  1000  I.  viz.  each  family  100  /.  as  by  agree- 
ment ;  my  Money  being  paid  me,  I  am  unwilling 
to  let  it  lie  dead,  therefore  I  lay  out  in  the  middle 
of  my  Land  one  thousand  Acres,  which  1  divide 
into  ten  lots,  in  form  and  manner  as  before,  then 
I  indent,  with  fifty  servants  to  serve  me  four  years 
a  piece,  I  place  them  on  the  Land,  viz.  five  on 
each  lot.  Their  Passage,  and  in  goods  to  purchase 
Cattel  and  Provisions,  &c.  is  to  each  five  servants 
100  /.  as  before  is  explained;  Now  I  order  a  House 
to  be  built,  and  Orchards,  Gardens  and  Inclosures 
to  be  made,  and  Husbandry  affairs  to  be  carried 
on  on  each  lot ;  so  that  at  the  four  years  end,  as 
the  servants  time  is  expired,  I  shall  have  ten 
Farms,  each  containing  four  hundred  Acres ;  for 
the  one  thousand  Acres  being  laid  out  in  the 
middle  of  my  Land,  the  remaining  three  thousand 
Acres  joyns  to  it. 

My  servants  time  being  expired,  I  am  willing  to 
see  what  charge  I  am  out  upon  these  ten  Farms 
and  Stock,  in  order  to  know  what  I  have  gain'd 
in  the  ten  years  past,  over  and  above  8  /.  per  Cent. 
Interest,  that  is  allowed  me  for  the  use  of  my 
Money :  I  am  out  by  the  first  charge  1000  /.  &  the 
Interest  thereof  for  four  years,  at  8  I.  per  Cent,  is 
for  the  four  years  320  1.  so  that  the  whole  charge 
on  the  ten  Farms,  Principal  &  Interest,  comes  to 

—  62  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

1320  1.  Now  if  I  value  my  ten  Farms  but  at  400  1. 
each,  which  is  20  s.  per  Acre,  one  with  another; 
then  the  whole  will  be  4000  1.  besides  the  first 
Stock  of  Cattel  and  Hogs,  &c.  to  each  Plantation, 
with  its  Increase  for  four  years,  which  Stock  cost 
at  first  to  each  Farm  30  /.  in  goods  at  first  cost,  but 
is  worth  40  /.  sterling,  at  which  rate  the  Stock  on 
the  ten  Farms  cost  400  /.  and  if  we  account  the 
four  years  Increase  to  be  no  more  than  the  first 
Stock,  yet  that  is  400  /.  by  which  it  appears  that 
the  ten  Farms,  and  the  stock  on  them  is  worth 
4800  /.  out  of  which  deduct  the  Money  laid  out, 
which  with  Interest  is  1320  /.  So  that  the  Neat 
profit,  besides  8  /.  per  Cent,  allowed  for  Interest, 
is  for  this  ten  years  improvement,  3480  /.  and 
twenty  Families  set  at  liberty  from  that  extream 
Slavery  that  attended  them,  by  reason  of  great 
Poverty  that  they  endured  in  England,  and  must 
have  so  continued,  had  not  they  been  thus 
redeemed  by  coming  into  America.  It  may  be 
thought  that  this  is  too  great  an  undertaking  for 
one  man,  which  if  it  be,  then  I  propose  that  ten 
joyn  together  in  this  community,  and  each  man 
send  over  five  Servants,  of  which  let  one  of  them 
be  an  honest  man  that  understands  Country  busi- 
ness, as  an  Overseer,  which  if  we  allow  him  over 
and  above  his  Passage  and  Diet  20  /.  a  year  for 
his  four  years  service,  this  amounts  to  80  /.  which 
is  for  the  ten  farms  800  I.  which  being  deducted 

-63- 


B    U  D   D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

out  of  the  3480  /.  there  only  remains  2680  I.  clear 
profit  to  the  ten  men,  which  is  for  each  man  268  /. 
for  his  ten  years  improvement  of  his  100  /.  and 
his  100  /.  back  again  with  Interest  for  all  the  time 
at  8  /.  per  Cent  per  annum,  the  whole  producing 
448  /.  for  his  100  I.  first  laid  out. 

Some  may  object,  and  say,  They  cannot  believe  the 
Land  of  each  farm,  tvith  its  Improvements,  tvill  sell 
at  20  s.  an  Acre,  that  is,  at  twelve  years  purchase 
1  s.  8  d.  per  Acre  per  annum,  because  three  hundred 
Acres  of  it  is  as  it  ivas,  viz.  Rough  Woods. 

I  Answer ;  That  although  it  be  so,  yet  these 
Woods  are  made  valuable  by  the  twenty  Families 
that  are  seated  near  them,  the  first  ten  families 
having  been  settled  ten  years,  the  last  four  years ; 
for  some  are  willing  to  have  their  Children  live 
near  them;  and  they  having  but  one  hundred 
Acres  in  all,  it  will  not  be  well  to  divide  that, 
therefore  they  will  give  a  good  price  for  one  hun- 
dred Acres,  to  settle  a  Child  upon,  to  live  by 
them,  as  experience  sheweth ;  for  in  Rhode-Island, 
which  is  not  far  from  us.  Land  rough  in  the 
Woods,  not  better  than  ours,  will  sell  at  40  s.  an 
Acre,  which  is  3  s.  4  d.  per  Acre  per  annum.  There- 
fore, Reader,  I  hope  now  thou  art  convinced  that 
there  is  a  probability  that  what  1  here  inform  thee 
of,  will  prove  true,  causalties  of  Fire,  &c.  excepted. 

The  Indians  are  but  few  in  Number,  and  have 
-64- 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

been  very  serviceable  to  us  by  selling  us  Venison, 
Indian  Corn,  Pease  and  Beans,  Fish  and  Fowl, 
Buck  Skins,  Beaver,  Otter,  and  other  Skins  and 
Furs;  the  Men  hunt,  Fish  and  Fowl,  and  the 
Women  plant  the  Corn,  and  carry  Burthens ;  they 
are  many  of  them  of  a  good  Understanding,  con- 
sidering their  education;  and  in  their  publick 
Meetings  of  Business,  they  have  excellent  Order, 
one  speaking  after  another,  and  while  one  is 
speaking  all  the  rest  keep  silent,  and  do  not  so 
much  as  whisper  one  to  the  other:  We  had 
several  Meetings  with  them,  one  was  in  order 
to  put  down  the  sale  of  Bum,  Brandij,  and  other 
strong  Liquors  to  them,  they  being  a  People 
that  have  not  Government  of  themselves,  so  as 
to  drink  it  in  moderation;  at  which  time  there 
were  eight  Kings,  (&  many  other  Indians)  one 
of  the[mj  was  Ockanickon,  whose  dying  Words  I 
writ  from  his  Mouth,  which  you  shall  have  in 
its  order. 

The  Indian  Kings  sate  on  a  Form,  and  we  sate 
on  another  over  against  them ;  they  had  prepared 
four  Belts  of  Wampum,  (so  their  current  Money  is 
called,  being  Black  and  White  Beads  made  of  a 
Fish  Shell)  to  give  us  as  Seals  of  the  Covenant 
they  made  with  us;  one  of  the  Kings  by  the  con- 
sent and  appointment  of  the  rest  stood  up  and 
made  this  following  Speech;  The  strong  Liquors 
was  first  sold  us  by  the  Dutch,  and  they  were  blind, 

-65- 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

they  had  no  Eyes,  they  did  not  see  that  it  was  for  our 
hurt ;  and  the  next  People  that  came  amongst  us,  icere 
the  S weeds,  who  continued  the  sale  of  those  strong 
Liquors  to  us  :  they  were  also  Blind,  they  had  no  Eyes, 
they  did  not  see  it  to  he  hurtful  to  us  to  drink  it, 
although  we  know  it  to  be  hu7'tful  to  us  ;  hut  if  People 
will  sell  it  us,  ive  are  so  in  love  with  it,  that  we  cannot 
forhear  it ;  when  we  drink  it,  it  makes  us  mad  ;  we  do 
not  know  what  we  do,  we  then  abuse  one  another  ;  we 
throw  each  other  into  the  Fire,  seven  Score  of  our 
People  have  been  killed,  by  reason  of  the  drinking  of 
it,  since  the  time  it  was  first  sold  us  :  Those  People 
that  sell  it,  they  are  blind,  they  have  no  Eyes,  but  now 
there  is  a  People  come  to  live  amongst  us,  that  have 
Eyes,  they  see  it  to  be  for  our  Hurt,  and  we  know  it  to 
be  for  our  Hurt :  They  are  ivilUng  to  deny  themselves 
of  the  Profit  of  it  if  for  our  good  ;  these  People  have 
Eyes ;  we  are  glad  such  a  People  are  come  amongst 
us.  We  must  put  it  doivn  by  mutual  consent ;  the 
Cask  must  be  sealed  up,  it  must  he  made  fast,  it 
must  not  leak  by  Day  nor  by  Night,  in  the  Light, 
nor  in  the  Dark,  and  we  give  you  these  four  Belts  of 
Wampam,  which  tve  would  have  you  lay  up  safe, 
and  keep  by  you  to  he  Witness  of  this  Agreement  that 
we  make  with  you,  and  we  would  have  you  tell 
your  Children,  that  these  four  Belts  of  Wampam  are 
given  you  to  be  Witness  betwixt  us  and  you  of  this 
Agreement. 

—  66  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

A  Letter  from  New -Jersey  in  America  to  a  Friend 
in  London. 
Dear  Friend  ; 

I  Having  this  short  opportunity,  have  nothing 
to  present  thee  with,  but  the  Dying-Words  of 
an  Indian  King,  who  died  in  Burlington,  and  was 
buried  amongst  Friends  according  to  his  desire ; 
and  at  his  Burial  many  Tears  were  shed  both  by 
the  Indians  and  English ;  so  in  Love,  and  great 
haste,  I  rest  thy  Friend, 

John  Cripj^s. 


The  Dying-Words  of  Ockanichon,  spoken  to  Jach- 
kursoe,  ivhom  he  appointed  King  after  him,  spoken 
in  the  Presence  of  several,  ivho  were  Eye  and  Ear 
Witnesses  of  the  Truth  thereof. 

IT  was  my  desire,  that  my  Brother's  Son,  Jah- 
kursoe  should  be  sent  for  to  come  to  hear  my 
last  Words,  whom  I  have  appointed  King  after 
me.  My  Brother's  Son,  this  day  I  deliver  my 
Heart  into  thy  Bosom,  and  would  have  thee  love 
that  which  is  Good  and  to  keep  good  Company, 
and  to  refuse  that  which  is  Evil ;  and  to  avoid  bad 
Company.  Now  inasmuch  as  I  have  delivered  my 
Heart  into  thy  Bosom  1  also  deliver  my  Bosom  to 
keep  my  Heart  therein ;  therefore  alwayes  be  sure 
to  walk  in  a  good  Path,  and  never  depart  out  of 
it.     And  if  any  Indians  should  speak  any  evil  of 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

Indians  or  Christians^  do  not  joyn  with  it,  but  to 
look  to  that  which  is  Good,  and  to  joyn  with  the 
same  alwayes.  Look  at  the  Sun  from  the  Rising 
of  it  to  the  Setting  of  the  same.  In  Speeches  that 
shall  be  made  between  the  Indians  and  Christians^ 
if  any  thing  be  spoke  that  is  evil,  do  not  joyn  with 
that,  but  joyn  with  that  which  is  good ;  and  when 
Speeches  are  made,  do  not  thou  speak  first,  but 
let  all  speak  before  thee,  and  take  good  notice 
what  each  man  speaks,  and  when  thou  hast  heard 
all,  joyn  to  that  which  is  good.  Brother's  Son,  1 
would  have  thee  to  cleanse  thy  Ears,  and  take  all 
Darkness  and  Foulness  out,  that  thou  mayst  take 
notice  of  that  which  is  Good  and  Evil,  and  then 
to  joyn  with  that  which  is  Good,  and  refuse  the 
Evil;  and  also  to  cleanse  thy  Eyes,  that  thou 
mayest  see  both  Good  and  Evil ;  and  if  thou  see 
any  Evil,  do  not  joyn  with  it,  but  joyn  to  that 
which  is  Good.  Brother's  Son,  Thou  has  heard 
all  that  is  past ;  now  1  would  have  thee  to  stand 
up  in  time  of  Speeches,  and  to  stand  in  my  Steps, 
and  follow  my  Speeches  as  I  have  said  before  thee, 
then  what  thou  dost  desire  in  Reason  will  be 
granted  thee.  Why  shouldst  thou  not  follow  my 
Example,  inasmuch  as  I  have  had  a  mind  to  do 
that  which  is  Good,  and  therefore  do  thou  also 
the  same?  Whereas  Sehoppjy  and  Sivanpis  were 
appointed  Kings  by  me  in  my  stead,  and  I  under- 
standing by  my  Doctor,   that  Sehoppy    secretly 

—  68-- 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

advised  him  not  to  cure  me,  and  they  both  being 
with  me  at  John  HoUinsheacVs  House,  there  1  my 
self  see  by  them  that  they  were  given  more  to 
Drink,  than  to  take  notice  of  my  last  Words,  for  1 
had  a  mind  to  make  a  Speech  to  them,  and  to  my 
Brethren  the  English  Commissioners,  therefore  I 
refused  them  to  be  Kings  after  me  in  my  stead, 
and  have  chosen  my  Brother's  Son  Jahkurosoe  in 
their  stead  to  succeed  me. 

Brother's  Son,  I  desire  thee  to  be  plain  and  fair 
with  all,  both  Indians  and  Christians,  as  1  have 
been.  I  am  very  weak,  otherwise  I  would  have 
spoken  more ;  and  in  Testimony  of  the  Truth  of 
this,  1  have  hereunto  set  my  Hand. 

The  Mark  3  of  Ockanickon,  King,  now  deceased. 
Henry  Jacob  Falekinhery,  Interpreter. 

Friendly  Reader,  when  Ockanickon  had  given  his 
Brothers  Son  this  good  Counsel,  I  thought  meet 
to  speak  unto  him  as  f  oUoweth ;  There  is  a  great 
God,  ivho  Created  all  things,  and  this  God  giveth  Man 
an  understanding  of  what  is  Good,  and  what  is  Bad, 
and  after  this  Life  rewardeth  the  Good  tvith  Blessings, 
and  the  Bad  according  to  their  Doings  ;  to  which  he 
answered  and  said.  It  is  very  true,  it  is  so,  there  are 
two  Wayes,  a  broad  Way,  and  a  strait  Way  ;  there  be 
two  Paths,  a  broad  Path  and  a  strait  Path ;  the 
worst,  and  the  greatest  Number  go  in  the  broad  Path, 
the  best  and  fewest  go  in  the  strait  Path.  T.  B. 


69. 


B    U  D   D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

Something  in  Relation  to  a  Conference  had  with  the 
Indians  at  Burlington,  shortly  after  we  came  into 
the  Country. 

THe  Indians  told  us,  they  were  advised  to 
make  War  on  us,  and  cut  us  off  whilst  we 
were  but  few,  and  said.  They  were  told,  that  we 
sold  them  the  Small-Pox,  with  the  Mach  Coat  they 
had  bought  of  us,  which  caused  our  People  to  be 
in  Fears  and  Jealousies  concerning  them ;  there- 
fore we  sent  for  the  Indian  Kings,  to  speak  with 
them,  who  with  many  more  Indians,  came  to  Bur- 
lington, where  we  had  Conference  with  them  about 
the  matter,  therefore  told  them.  That  we  came 
amongst  them  by  their  own  consent,  and  had 
bought  the  Land  of  them,  for  which  we  had  hon- 
estly paid  them  for,  and  for  what  Commodities  we 
had  bought  at  any  time  of  them,  we  had  paid 
them  for,  and  had  been  just  to  them,  and  had 
been  from  the  time  of  our  first  coming  very  kind 
and  respectful  to  them,  therefore  we  knew  no 
Reason  that  they  had  to  make  War  on  us;  to 
which  one  of  them,  in  the  behalf  of  the  rest,  made 
this  following  Speech  in  answer,  saying,  'Our 
'  Young  Men  may  speak  such  Words  as  we  do  not 
'  like,  nor  approve  of,  and  we  cannot  help  that : 
'  And  some  of  your  Young  Men  may  speak  such 
*  Words  as  you  do  not  like,  and  you  cannot  help 
'that.     We  are  your  Brothers,  and  intend  to  live 

—  70  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

'  like  Brothers  with  you :  We  have  no  mind  to  have 
'War,  for  when  we  have  War,  we  are  only  Skin 
'  and  Bones ;  the  Meat  that  we  eat  doth  not  do  us 
'  good,  we  alwayes  are  in  fear,  we  have  not  the 
'  benefit  of  the  Sun  to  shine  on  us,  we  hide  us  in 
'Holes  and  Corners;  we  are  minded  to  live  at 
'Peace:  If  we  intend  at  anytime  to  make  War 
'  upon  you,  we  will  let  you  know  of  it,  and  the 
'  Reasons  why  we  make  War  with  you ;  and  if  you 
'  make  us  satisfaction  for  the  Injury  done  us,  for 
'which  the  War  is  intended,  then  we  will  not 
'  make  War  on  you.  And  if  you  intend  at  any 
'  time  to  make  War  on  us,  we  would  have  you  let 
'  us  know  of  it,  and  the  Reasons  for  which  you 
'  make  War  on  us,  and  then  if  we  do  not  make 
'  satisfaction  for  the  Injury  done  unto  you,  then 
'  you  may  make  War  on  us,  otherwise  you  ought 
'  not  to  do  it.  You  are  our  Brothers,  and  we  are 
'  willing  to  live  like  Brothers  with  you :  We  are 
'  willing  to  have  a  hroad  Path  for  you  and  us  to 
'  walk  in,  and  if  an  Indian  is  asleep  in  this  Path, 
'the  English-main  shall  pass  him  by,  and  do  him 
'  no  harm ;  and  if  an  English -vasin.  is  asleep  in  this 
'  path,  the  Indian  shall  pass  him  by,  and  say,  He  is 
''an  English-man  he  is  asleep,  let  him  alone,  he  loves 
Ho  Sleep.  It  shall  be  a,  plain  Path,  there  must  not 
'  be  in  this  path  a  stump  to  hurt  our  feet  And  as 
'  to  the  Small-Pox,  it  was  once  in  my  Grandfathers 
'  time,  and  it  could  not  be  the  English  that  could 

—  71  — 


B    U  D   D   '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

'  send  it  us  then,  there  being  no  English  in  the 
'  Country,  and  it  was  once  in  my  Fathers  time, 
'  they  could  not  send  it  us  then  neither ;  and  now 
'  it  is  in  my  time,  I  do  not  believe  that  they  have 
'  sent  it  us  now :  I  do  believe  it  is  the  Man  above 
'  that  hath  sent  it  us. 

Some  are  apt  to  ask,  How  we  can  propose  safely 
to  live  amongst  such  a  Heathen  People  as  the  In- 
dians, whose  Principles  and  Practices  leads  them 
to  War  and  Bloodshed,  and  our  Principles  and 
Practices  leading  us  to  love  Enemies,  and  if 
reviled,  not  to  revile  again ;  and  if  smitten  on  the 
one  cheek  to  turn  the  other,  and  we  being  a 
peaceable  People,  whose  Principles  and  Practices 
are  against  Wars  and  Fightings? 

I  Answer  :  That  we  settled  by  the  Indians  con- 
sent and  good  liking,  and  bought  the  Land  of 
them,  that  we  settle  on,  which  they  conveyed  to 
us  by  Deed  under  their  Hands  and  Seals,  and 
also  submitted  to  several  Articles  of  agreement 
with  lis,  viz.  1R0t  tO  t)0  U0  atl^  Unjun? ;  but  if 
it  should  so  happen,  that  any  of  their  People  at 
any  time  should  injure  or  do  harm  to  any  of  us, 
then  they  to  make  us  satisfaction  for  the  Injury 
done;  therefore  if  they  break  these  Covenants 
and  Agreements,  then  they  may  be  proceeded 
against  as  other  Offenders,  viz.  to  be  kept  in  sub- 
jection to  the  Magistrates  Power,  in  whose  hand 
the  Sword  of  Justice  is  committed  to  be  used  by 

—  72  — 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

him,  for  the  punishment  of  Evil-doers,  and  praise 
of  them  that  do  well ;  therefore  I  do  believe  it  to 
be  both  lawful  and  expedient  to  bring  Offendors 
to  Justice  by  the  power  of  the  Magistrates  Sword, 
which  is  not  to  be  used  in  vain,  but  may  be  used 
against  such  as  raise  Rebellions  and  Insurrections 
against  the  Government  of  the  Country,  be  they 
Indians  or  others,  otherwise  it  is  in  vain  for  us  to 
pretend  to  Magistracy  or  Government,  it  being 
that  which  we  own  to  be  lawful  both  in  Principle 
and  Practice. 

Q.  "Whether  there  be  not  Bears,  Wolves,  and 
other  Ravenous  Beasts  in  the  Country? 

I  Answer  :  Yes.  But  I  have  travell'd  alone  in 
the  Country  some  hundreds  of  Miles,  and  by 
missing  of  my  way  have  lain  in  the  Woods  all 
night,  and  yet  I  never  saw  any  of  those  Creatures, 
nor  have  1  heard  that  ever  man,  woman  or  child 
were  hurt  by  them,  they  being  afraid  of  Mankind ; 
also,  encouragement  is  given  to  both  Indians  and 
others  to  kill  Wolves,  they  being  paid  for  every 
Wolfs  head  that  they  bring  to  the  Magistrate,  the 
value  of  ten  Shillings;  and  the  Bears  the  Indians 
kill  for  the  profit  of  their  Skins,  and  sake  of  their 
Flesh,  which  they  eat,  and  esteem  better  than 
Deers  flesh. 

Q.  Whether  there  be  not  Snakes,  more  especi- 
ally the  Rattle- Snake? 

Ans.    Yes,  but  not  many  Rattle -Snakes,    and 

—  73  — 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

they  are  easily  discovered ;  for  they  commonly  lie 
in  the  Paths  for  the  benefit  of  the  Sun,  &  if  any 
Person  draws  nigh  them,  they  shake  their  Tail, 
on  which  the  Rattles  grow,  which  make  a  noise 
like  a  childs  Rattle ;  I  never  heard  of  but  one  Per- 
son bitten  in  Pennsilvania  or  New-Jersey  with  the 
Rattle- Snake,  and  he  was  helpt  of  it  by  live 
Chickens  slit  assunder  and  apply' d  to  the  place, 
which  drew  out  the  Poyson ;  and  as  to  the  other 
Snake,  the  most  plentiful  is  a  black  Snake,  its 
bite,  'tis  said,  does  no  more  harm  than  the  prick 
of  a  Pin. 

I  have  mentioned  before,  that  there  are  a  sort 
of  troublesom  Flies  call'd  Musketoes  (much  like 
the  Gnats  in  England)  in  the  lower  parts  of  the 
Country,  where  the  great  Marshes  are,  but  in  the 
upper  parts  of  the  Country  seldom  one  is  seen. 

There  are  Crows  and  Black  birds,  which  may 
be  accounted  amongst  the  inconveniences,  they 
being  destructive  to  the  Indian  Corn,  the  Crows 
by  picking  up  the  Corn  just  as  its  appearing  in 
the  blade  above  ground,  and  the  Black-birds  by 
eating  it  in  the  Year,  before  it  be  full  hard,  if  not 
prevented  by  looking  after;  but  other  sorts  of 
Corn  they  seldom  hurt. 

It  is  rational  to  believe,  that  all  considerate 
Persons  will  sit  down  and  count  the  cost  before 
they  begin  to  build ;  for  they  must  expect  to  pass 
through  a  Winter  before  a  Summer,  but  not  so 

—  74— 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

troublesom  a  Winter  as  many  have  imagined; 
for  those  that  come  there  to  settle  now,  may  pur- 
chase Corn,  Cattel,  and  other  things  at  the  prices 
mentioned,  and  many  have  Houses  in  some  of  the 
Towns  of  Pennsilvania  and  Neiv-Jersey  on  Rent, 
until  they  build  for  themselves,  and  Water-Mills 
to  grind  their  Corn,  which  are  such  Conveniences 
that  we  that  went  first  partly  missed  of. 

Thus,  Kind  Reader,  I  have  given  thee  a  true  De- 
scription of  Pennsilvania  and  New-Jersey,  ivith  the 
Rivers  and  Springs,  Fish  and  Fowle,  Beasts,  Fruits, 
Plants,  Corn  and  Commodities,  that  it  doth  or  may 
produce,  with  several  other  things  needful  for  thee  to 
know,  as  well  Inconveniences  as  Conveniences,  by 
which  1  keep  clear  of  that  just  Reflection  of  such  as 
are  more  apt  to  see  faults  in  others,  than  to  amend 
them  in  themselves.  T.  B. 


WHereas  I  unadvisedly  published  in  Print  a 
Paper,  dated  the  13th  of  July,  1685.  enti- 
tuled,  A  true  and  perfect  Account  of  the  disposal  of 
the  one  hundred  Shares  or  Proprieties  of  the  Province 
of  West  New- Jersey,  by  Edward  Bylling:  In  which 
Paper  I  gave  an  Account  of  the  purchasers  Names, 
and  the  several  Proprieties  granted  to  them,  part 
of  which  I  took  from  the  Register,  the  remainder 
from  a  List  given  in  by  Edicard  Bylling,  to  the 
Proprioters,  as  mentioned  on  the  said  Paper, 
which  Paper  I  find  hath  proved  Injurious  to  the 

—  75  — 


B    U  D  D  '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

aforesaid  Edivard  BylUng,  although  not  so  intended 
by  me.  Therefore  in  order  to  give  him  Satisfac- 
tion, and  all  others  that  are  concerned,  I  do 
acknowledge  he  hath,  since  the  publishing  of  that 
Paper,  shewed  me  some  Deeds,  wherein  he  hath 
several  Proprieties  conveyed  back  to  him  again, 
from  the  original  Purchasers  and  Judge,  he  may 
make  good  Titles  to  the  same. 


A  Letter  by  Thomas  Budd,  sent  to  his  Friends  in 
Pennsilvania  and  New -Jersey. 

Dear  Friends  ; 

YOu  are  often  in  my  Remembrance,  and  at  this 
time  1  feel  the  tender  Bowels  of  our  heav- 
enly Father's  Love  flowing  in  my  Heart  towards 
you,  in  a  sence  of  those  great  Exercises  that  many 
of  you  have,  do  and  may  meet  withal  in  your 
Spiritual  Travel  towards  the  Land  of  Promise. 

1  am  also  sensible  of  the  many  Exercises  and 
inward  Combats  that  many  of  you  met  withal, 
after  you  felt  an  inclination  in  your  Hearts  of 
Transplanting  your  selves  into  America:  Oh  the 
Breathings  and  fervent  Prayers,  and  earnest  Desires 
that  were  in  your  Hearts  to  the  Lord,  That  you 
might  not  go  except  it  was  his  good  Pleasure  to  remove 
you,  for  a  purpose  of  his  oum :  This  you  earnestly 
desired  to  be  satisfied  in,  and  many  of  you  received 
satisfaction,  that  it  was  your  places  to  leave  your 

—  76^- 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

Native  Country,  Trades,  and  near  and  dear  Rela- 
tions and  Friends  to  transplant  your  selves  into  a 
Wilderness,  where  you  expected  to  meet  with 
many  Tryals  and  Exercises  of  a  differing  kind, 
than  what  you  had  met  withal  in  your  Native 
Country;  but  this  you  contentedly  gave  up  to, 
but  not  without  earnest  desire,  and  fervent  Pray- 
ers to  the  Lord  for  his  Wisdom  to  govern  you, 
and  his  Fatherly  Care  to  preserve  you,  and  his 
comfortable  presence  to  be  with  you,  to  strengthen 
and  enable  you  chearfuly  to  undergo  those  new 
and  unaccustomed  Tryals  and  Exercises,  that  you 
were  sensible  would  attend  you  in  this  weighty 
undertaking,  the  Lord  heard  your  Prayers,  and 
answered  your  Desires,  inasmuch  as  that  his 
Fatherly  Care  was  over  you,  and  his  living  Pres- 
ence did  accompany  you  over  the  great  Deep ;  so 
that  you  saw  his  wonderful  Deliverence,  and  in  a 
sence  thereof,  you  praised  his  Name  for  the  same. 

The  Lord  having  thus  far  answered  our  Souls 
desire,  as  to  bring  us  to  our  desired  Port  in  safety, 
and  to  remain  with  us,  to  be  a  Counsellor  of  good 
things  unto  us,  let  us  now  answer  this  Kindness 
unto  us  by  a  righteous  Conversation,  and  a  pure, 
holy  and  innocent  Life,  that  others  beholding  the 
same,  may  be  convinced  thereby,  and  may  glorifie 
our  heavenly  Father. 

The  Eyes  of  many  are  on  us,  some  for  Good, 
and  some  for  Evil ;  therefore  my  earnest  Prayers 

—  77  — 


B    U  D   D  '   S        PENNSYLVANIA 

are  to  the  Lord,  That  he  would  preserve  us,  and 
give  us  Wisdom,  that  we  may  be  governed  aright 
before  him,  and  that  he  would  give  a  good  Under- 
standing to  those  that  are  in  Authority  amongst 
us,  that  his  Law  may  go  forth  of  Sion,  and  his 
Word  from  Jerusalem:  Be  not  backward  in  dis- 
charging that  great  Trust  committed  to  you  in 
your  respective  Offices  and  Places,  that  you  may 
be  help -meets  in  the  Restoration. 

And  be  careful  to  suppress,  and  keep  down  all 
Vice,  and  disorderly  Spirits,  and  incourage  Vir- 
tue, not  only  in  the  general,  but  every  one  in  his 
perticular  Family;  there  is  an  incumbant  Duty 
lieth  on  all  Masters  of  Families  over  their  Family, 
therefore  my  desire  is,  that  we  may  call  our 
Families  together  at  convenient  times  and  Sea- 
sons, to  wait  upon  the  Lord,  and  to  seek  to  him 
for  Wisdom,  and  Counsel,  that  his  Blessings  may 
attend  us  and  our  Families,  ;and  our  Children 
may  sit  about  our  Table  as  Olive-branches  full  of 
Virtue,  then  shall  we  be  full  of  Joy  and  Peace, 
and  living  Praises  will  spring  to  the  Lord,  in  that 
his  Blessings  and  Fatherly  Care  hath  been  thus 
continued  towards  us. 

Dear  Friends;  be  tender  and  helpful  one  towards 
another,  that  the  Lord  may  bless  and  fill  you  with 
his  divine  Love,  and  sweet  refreshing  Life,  which 
unities  our  Souls  to  each  other,  and  makes  us  as 
one  Family  of  Love  together:  Let  us  not  entertain 

-78- 


AND         NEW       JERSEY 

any  hard  Thoughts  one  of  another,  but  if  differ- 
ence should  happen  amongst  us,  let  a  speedy  and 
peaceable  end  be  put  unto  it ;  for  if  Prejudices 
enter,  it  will  eat  out  the  precious  Life,  and  make 
us  barren  and  unfruitful  to  God.  We  are  not 
without  our  daily  Exercises,  Trayals  and  Tempta- 
tions, therefore  do  desire  the  Lord  may  put  it  into 
your  Hearts,  to  Pray  for  our  Preservation,  and 
our  safe  return  to  you,  that  we  may  meet  together 
again  in  the  same  overcoming  Love  of  God,  in 
which  we  parted  from  you. 

My  Heart  is  full  of  Love  to  you,  and  do  long  to 
see  your  Faces,  and  to  enjoy  your  Company,  that 
I  may  more  fully  express  that  pure  Love  of  God 
that  springs  in  my  Heart  unto  you,  then  I  can  do 
by  Writing.  Therefore  1  desire  you  may  rest  sat- 
isfied with  these  few  Lines,  and  receive  them  as  a 
token  of  unfeigned  Love.     From 

Your  dear  Friend, 

Thomas  Budd. 
London,  the  29th 
of  the  8th 
Month,  1684. 


Some  material  Things  omitted  in  the  foregoing 

part. 

IT  is  to  be  noted,  that  the  Tide  runs  to  the  Falls 
of  Delaware,  it  being  one  hundred  and  fifty 
Miles  from  the  Capes,  or  entrance  of  the  said  River 

—  79  — 


B    U  D   D   '   S       PENNSYLVANIA 

(which  Falls,  is  a  ledge  of  Rocks  lying  a  cross  the 
River)  and  also  it  runs  up  in  some  of  the  Cricks, 
ten  or  fifteen  Miles,  the  said  River  and  Cricks 
being  navigable  for  Ships  of  great  Burthen,  there 
having  lain  over  against  Burlington,  a  Ship  of 
about  the  burthen  of  four  hundred  Tuns  afloat  in 
four  Fathom,  at  dead  low  Water,  and  the  Flood 
riseth  six  or  eight  Foot;  and  there  being  no  Worm 
that  eats  the  bottoms  of  the  Ships,  as  is  usually 
done  in  Virginia  and  Barbadoes,  &c.  which  renders 
the  said  Countries  very  fit  for  Trade  and  Naviga- 
tion :  And  in  the  said  River  and  Cricks  are  many 
other  sorts  of  good  Fish,  not  already  named,  some 
of  which  are  Cat-fish,  Trout,  Eales,  Pearch,  &c. 


80  — 


4 


'£t. 


